NSG 318 EXAM 3 2025 to 2026 COMPLETE
PHARMACOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
PRACTICE QUESTIONS NCLEX STYLE
REVIEW and DETAILED RATIONALES
spironolactone contraindications -CORRECT ANSWER-renal failure,
hyperkalemia
caution w renal/hepatic dysfunction
spironolactone drug interactions -CORRECT ANSWER--K+
supplements: inc serum K+
-inc effects of anti-hypertensives and lithium
-ACE inhibitor: hyperkalemia (life threatening)
spironolactone side effects -CORRECT ANSWER-CNS and GI effects,
muscle cramps, severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity,
Stevens Johnson
spironolactone interventions -CORRECT ANSWER--advise pt with high
serum K+ levels to avoid foods high in K+
-administer in AM to avoid nocturia
-observe for hyperkalemia
-monitor urinary output
-don't take OTC K+ diuretics
,CAMS that dec BP -CORRECT ANSWER--Hawthorne
-Parsley
-Licorice
-Goldenseal
CAMS that inc BP -CORRECT ANSWER--Gingko
-Ephedra
CAMS that dec K+ -CORRECT ANSWER--Licorice
-Aloe
nonpharmacologic therapy of hypertension -CORRECT ANSWER--stress
reduction techniques
-exercise
-salt restriction
-dec alcohol ingestion
-smoking cessation
how long are antihypertensives taken -CORRECT ANSWER-BP meds are
likely to be taken for the rest of the patient's life
Metoprolol class -CORRECT ANSWER-beta-1 blocker
metoprolol use -CORRECT ANSWER-control hypertension, acute MI,
angina, and HF
,metoprolol action -CORRECT ANSWER-promotes BP reduction via beta
1 blocking effects by also dec pulse
Metoprolol Contraindications -CORRECT ANSWER-heart block,
cardiogenic shock, hypotension, acute HF, bradycardia
caution w hepatic/thyroid dysfunction, asthma, PVD, DM, COPD,
cerebrovascular disease
metoprolol side effects/adverse reactions -CORRECT ANSWER-CNS
and GI effects, dry mouth, blurred vision, insomnia, tinnitus, ED
Bradycardia, hypotension, stroke, thrombocytopenia, DM, AV heart block,
bronchospasm, HF
metoprolol interventions -CORRECT ANSWER--don't stop abruptly
(rebound hypertension)
-monitor BUN, serum creatinine, AST, and LDL
-teach pt they will probably be taking this for the rest of their life
prazosin hydrochloride class -CORRECT ANSWER-alpha adrenergic
blocker
prazosin hydrochloride use -CORRECT ANSWER-control hypertension
prazosin hydrochloride action -CORRECT ANSWER-dilates peripheral
blood vessels by blocking alpha adrenergic receptors
, prazosin hydrochloride contraindications -CORRECT ANSWER-caution:
priapism, angina, ortho hypotension, syncope, ocular surgery, pregnancy
prazosin hydrochloride side effects/adverse reactions -CORRECT
ANSWER-CNS and GI effects, tinnitus, dry mouth, peripheral edema, ED,
urinary incontinence, palpitations, pancreatitis, elevated liver enzymes
prazosin hydrochloride drug interactions -CORRECT ANSWER--
Antihypertensives, Nitrates, Diuretics, and alcohol: inc hypotensive effects
-NSAIDs: dec effects
prazosin hydrochloride interventions -CORRECT ANSWER--monitor
urine output (less than 600mL is concerning-renal failure)
-observe for rebound hypertension if abruptly stopped
-do not take OTC cold, cough, or allergy meds without consulting with HCP
-dec salt intake
lisinopril class -CORRECT ANSWER-ACE inhibitor
lisinopril use -CORRECT ANSWER-tx hypertension
lisinopril action -CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits formation of angiotensin
2 and blocks release of aldosterone
lisinopril contraindications -CORRECT ANSWER-hyperkalemia and
pregnancy
PHARMACOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
PRACTICE QUESTIONS NCLEX STYLE
REVIEW and DETAILED RATIONALES
spironolactone contraindications -CORRECT ANSWER-renal failure,
hyperkalemia
caution w renal/hepatic dysfunction
spironolactone drug interactions -CORRECT ANSWER--K+
supplements: inc serum K+
-inc effects of anti-hypertensives and lithium
-ACE inhibitor: hyperkalemia (life threatening)
spironolactone side effects -CORRECT ANSWER-CNS and GI effects,
muscle cramps, severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity,
Stevens Johnson
spironolactone interventions -CORRECT ANSWER--advise pt with high
serum K+ levels to avoid foods high in K+
-administer in AM to avoid nocturia
-observe for hyperkalemia
-monitor urinary output
-don't take OTC K+ diuretics
,CAMS that dec BP -CORRECT ANSWER--Hawthorne
-Parsley
-Licorice
-Goldenseal
CAMS that inc BP -CORRECT ANSWER--Gingko
-Ephedra
CAMS that dec K+ -CORRECT ANSWER--Licorice
-Aloe
nonpharmacologic therapy of hypertension -CORRECT ANSWER--stress
reduction techniques
-exercise
-salt restriction
-dec alcohol ingestion
-smoking cessation
how long are antihypertensives taken -CORRECT ANSWER-BP meds are
likely to be taken for the rest of the patient's life
Metoprolol class -CORRECT ANSWER-beta-1 blocker
metoprolol use -CORRECT ANSWER-control hypertension, acute MI,
angina, and HF
,metoprolol action -CORRECT ANSWER-promotes BP reduction via beta
1 blocking effects by also dec pulse
Metoprolol Contraindications -CORRECT ANSWER-heart block,
cardiogenic shock, hypotension, acute HF, bradycardia
caution w hepatic/thyroid dysfunction, asthma, PVD, DM, COPD,
cerebrovascular disease
metoprolol side effects/adverse reactions -CORRECT ANSWER-CNS
and GI effects, dry mouth, blurred vision, insomnia, tinnitus, ED
Bradycardia, hypotension, stroke, thrombocytopenia, DM, AV heart block,
bronchospasm, HF
metoprolol interventions -CORRECT ANSWER--don't stop abruptly
(rebound hypertension)
-monitor BUN, serum creatinine, AST, and LDL
-teach pt they will probably be taking this for the rest of their life
prazosin hydrochloride class -CORRECT ANSWER-alpha adrenergic
blocker
prazosin hydrochloride use -CORRECT ANSWER-control hypertension
prazosin hydrochloride action -CORRECT ANSWER-dilates peripheral
blood vessels by blocking alpha adrenergic receptors
, prazosin hydrochloride contraindications -CORRECT ANSWER-caution:
priapism, angina, ortho hypotension, syncope, ocular surgery, pregnancy
prazosin hydrochloride side effects/adverse reactions -CORRECT
ANSWER-CNS and GI effects, tinnitus, dry mouth, peripheral edema, ED,
urinary incontinence, palpitations, pancreatitis, elevated liver enzymes
prazosin hydrochloride drug interactions -CORRECT ANSWER--
Antihypertensives, Nitrates, Diuretics, and alcohol: inc hypotensive effects
-NSAIDs: dec effects
prazosin hydrochloride interventions -CORRECT ANSWER--monitor
urine output (less than 600mL is concerning-renal failure)
-observe for rebound hypertension if abruptly stopped
-do not take OTC cold, cough, or allergy meds without consulting with HCP
-dec salt intake
lisinopril class -CORRECT ANSWER-ACE inhibitor
lisinopril use -CORRECT ANSWER-tx hypertension
lisinopril action -CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits formation of angiotensin
2 and blocks release of aldosterone
lisinopril contraindications -CORRECT ANSWER-hyperkalemia and
pregnancy
