CIPP E VIEW AHEAD EXAM QUESTIONS FULL SOLUTION GUIDE
CIPP E Final Examination TEST 2026/2027
Questions and Answers Verified Solutions Latest
Update
Question:
Adequate Level of Protection.
Answer:
A label that the EU may apply to third-party countries who have committed to protect data through
domestic law making or international commitments. Conferring of the label requires a proposal by
the European Commission, an Article 29 Working Group Opinion, an opinion of the article 31
Management Committee, a right of scrutiny by the European Parliament and adoption by the
European Commission.
Question:
Adverse Action.
Answer:
Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the term "adverse action" is defined very broadly to include all
business, credit and employment actions affecting consumers that can be considered to have a
negative impact, such as denying or canceling credit or insurance, or denying employment or
promotion. No adverse action occurs in a credit transaction where the creditor makes a counteroffer
that is accepted by the consumer. Such an action requires that the decision maker furnish the
recipient of the adverse action with a copy of the credit report leading to the adverse action.
Question:
Annual Reports.
Answer:
The requirement under the European Data Protection Directive that member state data protection
authorities report on their activities at regular intervals.
,Question:
Antidiscrimination Laws.
Answer:
Refers to the right of people to be treated equally.
Question:
Article 29 Working Party.
Answer:
A European Union organization that functions as an independent advisory body on data protection
and privacy. While EU data protection laws are actually enforced by the national Data Protection
Authorities of EU member states.
Question:
Authentication.
Answer:
The process by which an entity (such as a person or computer system) determines whether another
entity is who it claims to be. Authentication identified as an individual based on some credential; i.e.
a password, biometrics, etc. Authentication is different from authorization. Proper authentication
ensures that a person is who he or she claims to be, but it says nothing about the access rights of the
individual.
Question:
Background Screening/Checks.
Answer:
Verifying an applicant's ability to function in the working environment as well as assuring the safety
and security of existing workers. Background checks range from checking a person's educational
background to checking on past criminal activity.
Question:
,Behavioral Advertising.
Answer:
The act of tracking users' online activities and then delivering ads or recommendations based upon
the tracked activities. The most comprehensive form of targeted advertising. By building a profile
on a user through their browsing habits such as sites they visit, articles read, searches made, ads
previously clicked on, etc., advertising companies place ads pertaining to the known information
about the user across all websites visited. Behavioral Advertising also uses data aggregation to place
ads on websites that a user may not have shown interest in, but similar individuals had shown
interest in.
Question:
Binding Corporate Rules.
Answer:
Legally binding internal corporate privacy rules for transferring personal information within a
corporate group. BCRs are typically used by corporations that operate in multiple jurisdictions, and
they are alternatives to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield and Model Contract Clauses. BCRs must be
approved by the EU data protection authorities of the member states in which the corporation
operates.
Question:
Binding Safe Processor Rules.
Answer:
Self-regulatory principles (similar to Binding Corporate Rules) for processors that are applicable to
customer personal data. Once a supplier's BSPR are approved, a supplier gains "safe processor"
status and its customers would be able to meet the EU Data Protection Directive's requirements for
international transfers in a similar manner as BCR allow. BSPR are currently being considered as a
concept by the Article 29 Working Party and national authorities.
Question:
Biometrics.
Answer:
, Data concerning the intrinsic physical or behavioral characteristics of an individual. Examples
include DNA, fingerprints, retina and iris patterns, voice, face, handwriting, keystroke technique
and gait.
Question:
Bodily Privacy.
Answer:
One of the four classes of privacy, along with information privacy, territorial privacy and
communications privacy. It focuses on a person's physical being and any invasion thereof. Such an
invasion can take the form of genetic testing, drug testing or body cavity searches.
Question:
Breach Disclosure.
Answer:
The requirement that a data controller notify regulators and victims of incidents affecting the
confidentiality and security of personal data. It is a transparency mechanism highlights operational
failures, this helps mitigate damage and aids in the understanding of causes of failure.
Question:
Bundesdatenschutzgesetz.
Answer:
A German national data protection law that including specific requirements for data services
outsourcing agreements. The legislation contains ten specific requirements for outsourcing
agreements: (1) Subject and duration of work; (2) the extent, type and purpose of data processing;
(3) technical and organizational measures to be taken under section 9; (4) the rectification, erasure
and blocking of data; (5) the processor's section 4 obligations, particularly with regard to
monitoring; (6) rights regarding subcontracting; (7) the controller's monitoring rights; (8) the
subcontractor's notification obligations; (9) the extent of the controller's authority to issue
instructions to the processor; (10) the return and/or erasure of data by the processor at the conclusion
of the work.
CIPP E Final Examination TEST 2026/2027
Questions and Answers Verified Solutions Latest
Update
Question:
Adequate Level of Protection.
Answer:
A label that the EU may apply to third-party countries who have committed to protect data through
domestic law making or international commitments. Conferring of the label requires a proposal by
the European Commission, an Article 29 Working Group Opinion, an opinion of the article 31
Management Committee, a right of scrutiny by the European Parliament and adoption by the
European Commission.
Question:
Adverse Action.
Answer:
Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the term "adverse action" is defined very broadly to include all
business, credit and employment actions affecting consumers that can be considered to have a
negative impact, such as denying or canceling credit or insurance, or denying employment or
promotion. No adverse action occurs in a credit transaction where the creditor makes a counteroffer
that is accepted by the consumer. Such an action requires that the decision maker furnish the
recipient of the adverse action with a copy of the credit report leading to the adverse action.
Question:
Annual Reports.
Answer:
The requirement under the European Data Protection Directive that member state data protection
authorities report on their activities at regular intervals.
,Question:
Antidiscrimination Laws.
Answer:
Refers to the right of people to be treated equally.
Question:
Article 29 Working Party.
Answer:
A European Union organization that functions as an independent advisory body on data protection
and privacy. While EU data protection laws are actually enforced by the national Data Protection
Authorities of EU member states.
Question:
Authentication.
Answer:
The process by which an entity (such as a person or computer system) determines whether another
entity is who it claims to be. Authentication identified as an individual based on some credential; i.e.
a password, biometrics, etc. Authentication is different from authorization. Proper authentication
ensures that a person is who he or she claims to be, but it says nothing about the access rights of the
individual.
Question:
Background Screening/Checks.
Answer:
Verifying an applicant's ability to function in the working environment as well as assuring the safety
and security of existing workers. Background checks range from checking a person's educational
background to checking on past criminal activity.
Question:
,Behavioral Advertising.
Answer:
The act of tracking users' online activities and then delivering ads or recommendations based upon
the tracked activities. The most comprehensive form of targeted advertising. By building a profile
on a user through their browsing habits such as sites they visit, articles read, searches made, ads
previously clicked on, etc., advertising companies place ads pertaining to the known information
about the user across all websites visited. Behavioral Advertising also uses data aggregation to place
ads on websites that a user may not have shown interest in, but similar individuals had shown
interest in.
Question:
Binding Corporate Rules.
Answer:
Legally binding internal corporate privacy rules for transferring personal information within a
corporate group. BCRs are typically used by corporations that operate in multiple jurisdictions, and
they are alternatives to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield and Model Contract Clauses. BCRs must be
approved by the EU data protection authorities of the member states in which the corporation
operates.
Question:
Binding Safe Processor Rules.
Answer:
Self-regulatory principles (similar to Binding Corporate Rules) for processors that are applicable to
customer personal data. Once a supplier's BSPR are approved, a supplier gains "safe processor"
status and its customers would be able to meet the EU Data Protection Directive's requirements for
international transfers in a similar manner as BCR allow. BSPR are currently being considered as a
concept by the Article 29 Working Party and national authorities.
Question:
Biometrics.
Answer:
, Data concerning the intrinsic physical or behavioral characteristics of an individual. Examples
include DNA, fingerprints, retina and iris patterns, voice, face, handwriting, keystroke technique
and gait.
Question:
Bodily Privacy.
Answer:
One of the four classes of privacy, along with information privacy, territorial privacy and
communications privacy. It focuses on a person's physical being and any invasion thereof. Such an
invasion can take the form of genetic testing, drug testing or body cavity searches.
Question:
Breach Disclosure.
Answer:
The requirement that a data controller notify regulators and victims of incidents affecting the
confidentiality and security of personal data. It is a transparency mechanism highlights operational
failures, this helps mitigate damage and aids in the understanding of causes of failure.
Question:
Bundesdatenschutzgesetz.
Answer:
A German national data protection law that including specific requirements for data services
outsourcing agreements. The legislation contains ten specific requirements for outsourcing
agreements: (1) Subject and duration of work; (2) the extent, type and purpose of data processing;
(3) technical and organizational measures to be taken under section 9; (4) the rectification, erasure
and blocking of data; (5) the processor's section 4 obligations, particularly with regard to
monitoring; (6) rights regarding subcontracting; (7) the controller's monitoring rights; (8) the
subcontractor's notification obligations; (9) the extent of the controller's authority to issue
instructions to the processor; (10) the return and/or erasure of data by the processor at the conclusion
of the work.
