Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 1
1. Once you graduate from an NP program, in order to prescribe
you'll need:-
: -Advanced nurse prescriber license
-DEA #
2. What is the purpose of a DEA #?: Needed to prescribed scheduled drugs
3. Rules for prescribing Schedule II drugs:: -Written script needed
-1 month supply only
-No refills
4. What is the PDMP?: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program
Used to ettectively track patient's controlled substance uses across ditterent health facilities (in the same
state)
5. What are clinical practice guidelines?: Recommendations that are intended to
optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of the evidence and an assessment
of the benefits/harms of alternative care practices
Ex: sepsis, CAP
6. Common causes of medication errors:: -Illegible writing
-Drug names that sound alike
-Medications that look alike
-Administering a drug with the wrong route
7. What is pharmacokinetics? What are its 4 categories?: What the body does
to the drug
1. Absorption
2. Metabolism
3. Distribution
4. Excretion
8. Quickest route of absorption? Slowest?: IV =
quickest IM = slowest
9. What is the most common way drugs pass through cell
membranes?: Passive dittusion
10. What characteristics of a drug allow it to pass most quickly
, Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 1
through cell membranes (usually through passive diffusion)?: Small,
uncharged (unionized), lipid solu-ble--pass through membrane without any energy
, Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 1
11. What does it mean when a drug is ionized?: It means that the
drug is stuck in the compartment it was ionized in and has to be moved to the next
compartment (cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream)
12. Where do weak acids absorb?: Stomach
13. Where do weak bases absorb?: Small intestine
14. pH of stomach:: 2-4
15. pH of small intestine:: 6-7
16. pH of large intestine:: 6-7
17. pH of bloodstream:: 7.35-7.45
18. pH of bladder:: 5-8
19. pH of breastmilk:: 7.1
20. Where will a drug absorb if it is a weak base that ionizes at
a pH of 4 and lower?: In the small intestine (since the stomach has a pH of 2-4, so the drug
will become ionized and move to the small intestine where it will be able to absorb into the
bloodstream)
21. How can we manipulate the urine pH in cases of overdose?:
Drugs that are weak acids (aspirin) can be trapped and excreted through the urine.
We raise pH of the urine (with sodium bicarb) to force the drug to ionize and allow it to be excreted,
not reabsorbed through the bloodstream.
22. What is distribution?: How a drug will be transported to the tissues it needs to go to
in order for it to exert its ettects
23. Drug factors related to distribution:: -Lipid solubility
-Molecular size
-Degree of ionization
-Duration of action
-Cellular binding
-Therapeutic ettects
-Toxic ettects
(lipid soluble, small, and non-ionized drugs will distribute more quickly)
24. Body factors related to distribution:: -Vascularity (poor perfusion,
, Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 1
disruption of blood flow due to trauma--diflculty distributing)
Exam 1
1. Once you graduate from an NP program, in order to prescribe
you'll need:-
: -Advanced nurse prescriber license
-DEA #
2. What is the purpose of a DEA #?: Needed to prescribed scheduled drugs
3. Rules for prescribing Schedule II drugs:: -Written script needed
-1 month supply only
-No refills
4. What is the PDMP?: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program
Used to ettectively track patient's controlled substance uses across ditterent health facilities (in the same
state)
5. What are clinical practice guidelines?: Recommendations that are intended to
optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of the evidence and an assessment
of the benefits/harms of alternative care practices
Ex: sepsis, CAP
6. Common causes of medication errors:: -Illegible writing
-Drug names that sound alike
-Medications that look alike
-Administering a drug with the wrong route
7. What is pharmacokinetics? What are its 4 categories?: What the body does
to the drug
1. Absorption
2. Metabolism
3. Distribution
4. Excretion
8. Quickest route of absorption? Slowest?: IV =
quickest IM = slowest
9. What is the most common way drugs pass through cell
membranes?: Passive dittusion
10. What characteristics of a drug allow it to pass most quickly
, Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 1
through cell membranes (usually through passive diffusion)?: Small,
uncharged (unionized), lipid solu-ble--pass through membrane without any energy
, Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 1
11. What does it mean when a drug is ionized?: It means that the
drug is stuck in the compartment it was ionized in and has to be moved to the next
compartment (cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream)
12. Where do weak acids absorb?: Stomach
13. Where do weak bases absorb?: Small intestine
14. pH of stomach:: 2-4
15. pH of small intestine:: 6-7
16. pH of large intestine:: 6-7
17. pH of bloodstream:: 7.35-7.45
18. pH of bladder:: 5-8
19. pH of breastmilk:: 7.1
20. Where will a drug absorb if it is a weak base that ionizes at
a pH of 4 and lower?: In the small intestine (since the stomach has a pH of 2-4, so the drug
will become ionized and move to the small intestine where it will be able to absorb into the
bloodstream)
21. How can we manipulate the urine pH in cases of overdose?:
Drugs that are weak acids (aspirin) can be trapped and excreted through the urine.
We raise pH of the urine (with sodium bicarb) to force the drug to ionize and allow it to be excreted,
not reabsorbed through the bloodstream.
22. What is distribution?: How a drug will be transported to the tissues it needs to go to
in order for it to exert its ettects
23. Drug factors related to distribution:: -Lipid solubility
-Molecular size
-Degree of ionization
-Duration of action
-Cellular binding
-Therapeutic ettects
-Toxic ettects
(lipid soluble, small, and non-ionized drugs will distribute more quickly)
24. Body factors related to distribution:: -Vascularity (poor perfusion,
, Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 1
disruption of blood flow due to trauma--diflculty distributing)
