APEA Pathophysiology - MASTER 1&2
Q-Bank Questions with Correct
Answers 2026 Graded A+
Which heart condition includes both a systolic and diastolic timed murmur?
pulmonic stenosis
aortic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation - Answer -tricuspid regurgitation
Which one of the following is the cardiac rhythm described as prolongation of the QT interval?
Atrial flutter
Ventricular tachycardia
Torsades de pointes
Third-degree AV block - Answer -Torsades de pointes
Which of the following is most responsible for the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing the
risk of heart disease and stroke?
high-density lipoproteins
low-density lipoproteins
trigylcerides
total cholesterol - Answer -low-density lipoproteins
How long after a myocardial infarction can the initial troponin level be detected?
1 hour
3 hours
6 hours
,8 hours - Answer -3 hours
Which one of the following causes reactive hyperemia?
Raynaud phenomenon
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary edema
Hypotension - Answer -Raynaud phenomenon
Which one of the following is a clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional cardiac
disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricles to fil or eject blood?
Heart failure
Hypertension
Cardiomyopathy
Myocardial infarction - Answer -heart failure
Which condition is a direct acute cause of pulmonary hypertension, leading to right heart failure?
obstructive sleep apnea
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary fibrosis - Answer -pulmonary embolism
the right ventricle is forced to pump more forcefully in an attempt to maintain blood flow past an
obstructing large embolus
Triglycerides are synthesized by the:
pancreas
liver
kidneys
stomach - Answer -liver
Which of the following is NOT associated with acute coronary syndrome?
,heart failure
unstable angina
ST segment myocardial infarction
Non-ST segment myocardial infarction - Answer -heart failure
Which of the following is NOT a Virchow's triad risk factor for deep vein thrombosis?
hypercoagulability
endothelial injury
stasis
peripheral nervous system damage - Answer -peripheral nervous system damage
The rhythm of the heart is generated by the:
SA node
AV node
atrium
ventricle - Answer -SA node
An elevation of which laboratory finding is indicative of a myocardial infarction?
Troponin
CK-MB
BNP
Potassium - Answer -Troponin
Diastolic heart failure is a result of impairment in the:
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
left atrium - Answer -left ventricle
Which cardiac condition involves thickening of the muscle wall of the right lower chamber of the heart?
, Ventricular septal defect
Ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus - Answer -Ventricular hypertrophy
In a patient with a ventricular septal defect, blood flows:
through the left ventricle back to the heart
to the left atrium and into the lungs
to the right ventricle and into the lungs
through the right atrium back to the heart - Answer -to the right ventricle and into the lungs
blood flows from the left ventricle through the VSD to the right ventricle and into the lumps
extra blood being pumped to the lungs forces the heart and lungs to work harder
Which one of the following congenital heat defects does NOT depend on left to right shunting through
ductus arteriosus for pulmonary circulation?
aortic stenosis
pulmonary atresia
pulmonary stenosis
tetralogy of Fallot - Answer -aortic stenosis
A common cause of diastolic heart failure is:
myocarditis
myocardial infarction
dilated cardiomyopathy
hypertension - Answer -Hypertension
long-term hypertension is a common cause of diastolic heart failure.
Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the filling of one or both ventricles is impaired because the ventricle
has become less compliant.
Q-Bank Questions with Correct
Answers 2026 Graded A+
Which heart condition includes both a systolic and diastolic timed murmur?
pulmonic stenosis
aortic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation - Answer -tricuspid regurgitation
Which one of the following is the cardiac rhythm described as prolongation of the QT interval?
Atrial flutter
Ventricular tachycardia
Torsades de pointes
Third-degree AV block - Answer -Torsades de pointes
Which of the following is most responsible for the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing the
risk of heart disease and stroke?
high-density lipoproteins
low-density lipoproteins
trigylcerides
total cholesterol - Answer -low-density lipoproteins
How long after a myocardial infarction can the initial troponin level be detected?
1 hour
3 hours
6 hours
,8 hours - Answer -3 hours
Which one of the following causes reactive hyperemia?
Raynaud phenomenon
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary edema
Hypotension - Answer -Raynaud phenomenon
Which one of the following is a clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional cardiac
disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricles to fil or eject blood?
Heart failure
Hypertension
Cardiomyopathy
Myocardial infarction - Answer -heart failure
Which condition is a direct acute cause of pulmonary hypertension, leading to right heart failure?
obstructive sleep apnea
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary fibrosis - Answer -pulmonary embolism
the right ventricle is forced to pump more forcefully in an attempt to maintain blood flow past an
obstructing large embolus
Triglycerides are synthesized by the:
pancreas
liver
kidneys
stomach - Answer -liver
Which of the following is NOT associated with acute coronary syndrome?
,heart failure
unstable angina
ST segment myocardial infarction
Non-ST segment myocardial infarction - Answer -heart failure
Which of the following is NOT a Virchow's triad risk factor for deep vein thrombosis?
hypercoagulability
endothelial injury
stasis
peripheral nervous system damage - Answer -peripheral nervous system damage
The rhythm of the heart is generated by the:
SA node
AV node
atrium
ventricle - Answer -SA node
An elevation of which laboratory finding is indicative of a myocardial infarction?
Troponin
CK-MB
BNP
Potassium - Answer -Troponin
Diastolic heart failure is a result of impairment in the:
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
left atrium - Answer -left ventricle
Which cardiac condition involves thickening of the muscle wall of the right lower chamber of the heart?
, Ventricular septal defect
Ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus - Answer -Ventricular hypertrophy
In a patient with a ventricular septal defect, blood flows:
through the left ventricle back to the heart
to the left atrium and into the lungs
to the right ventricle and into the lungs
through the right atrium back to the heart - Answer -to the right ventricle and into the lungs
blood flows from the left ventricle through the VSD to the right ventricle and into the lumps
extra blood being pumped to the lungs forces the heart and lungs to work harder
Which one of the following congenital heat defects does NOT depend on left to right shunting through
ductus arteriosus for pulmonary circulation?
aortic stenosis
pulmonary atresia
pulmonary stenosis
tetralogy of Fallot - Answer -aortic stenosis
A common cause of diastolic heart failure is:
myocarditis
myocardial infarction
dilated cardiomyopathy
hypertension - Answer -Hypertension
long-term hypertension is a common cause of diastolic heart failure.
Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the filling of one or both ventricles is impaired because the ventricle
has become less compliant.
