PSY 102 Exam 2 V3 | PSY 102 General
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(PSY102 Exam 2) | Grand Canyon
University
1. A child in Piaget’s preoperational stage of development often demonstrates the inability to
see a situation from another person’s point of view. This cognitive limitation is known as:
A. Conservation
B. Object Permanence
C. Egocentrism
D. Reversibility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Egocentrism refers to the child’s inability to take the perspective of others
during the preoperational stage. Piaget demonstrated this through the ‘Three Mountains
Task’ where children assumed others saw the same view they did. This stage typically
occurs between the ages of 2 and 7 years.
2. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which conflict must
adolescents resolve to develop a healthy sense of self?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
,C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion occurs during adolescence, where
individuals explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Success in this stage
leads to an ability to stay true to oneself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak
sense of self. This is a critical transition point from childhood to adulthood in Erikson’s
model.
3. In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments, which of the following are considered
fundamental components of the conditioning process? Select all that apply.
A. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
B. Unconditioned Response (UCR)
C. Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
D. Conditioned Response (CR)
E. Negative Reinforcer
F. Secondary Reinforcer
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Classical conditioning relies on the relationship between stimuli and responses,
specifically the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR. The Unconditioned Stimulus naturally triggers a
, response, while the Conditioned Stimulus triggers a response only after learning has
occurred. Reinforcers are distinct components associated with Operant Conditioning, not
Classical Conditioning.
4. A student receives a sticker for every 5 math problems they solve correctly. This is an
example of which reinforcement schedule?
A. Variable-ratio
B. Fixed-ratio
C. Fixed-interval
D. Variable-interval
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A fixed-ratio schedule provides reinforcement after a specific, set number of
responses have occurred. In this scenario, the ‘ratio’ is fixed at 5 problems per sticker. This
type of schedule typically produces a high, steady rate of responding with only a brief
pause after the delivery of the reinforcer.
5. Which process of memory involves the transformation of incoming information into a form
that can be stored in the brain?
A. Storage
B. Encoding
C. Retrieval
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(PSY102 Exam 2) | Grand Canyon
University
1. A child in Piaget’s preoperational stage of development often demonstrates the inability to
see a situation from another person’s point of view. This cognitive limitation is known as:
A. Conservation
B. Object Permanence
C. Egocentrism
D. Reversibility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Egocentrism refers to the child’s inability to take the perspective of others
during the preoperational stage. Piaget demonstrated this through the ‘Three Mountains
Task’ where children assumed others saw the same view they did. This stage typically
occurs between the ages of 2 and 7 years.
2. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which conflict must
adolescents resolve to develop a healthy sense of self?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
,C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion occurs during adolescence, where
individuals explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Success in this stage
leads to an ability to stay true to oneself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak
sense of self. This is a critical transition point from childhood to adulthood in Erikson’s
model.
3. In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments, which of the following are considered
fundamental components of the conditioning process? Select all that apply.
A. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
B. Unconditioned Response (UCR)
C. Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
D. Conditioned Response (CR)
E. Negative Reinforcer
F. Secondary Reinforcer
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Classical conditioning relies on the relationship between stimuli and responses,
specifically the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR. The Unconditioned Stimulus naturally triggers a
, response, while the Conditioned Stimulus triggers a response only after learning has
occurred. Reinforcers are distinct components associated with Operant Conditioning, not
Classical Conditioning.
4. A student receives a sticker for every 5 math problems they solve correctly. This is an
example of which reinforcement schedule?
A. Variable-ratio
B. Fixed-ratio
C. Fixed-interval
D. Variable-interval
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A fixed-ratio schedule provides reinforcement after a specific, set number of
responses have occurred. In this scenario, the ‘ratio’ is fixed at 5 problems per sticker. This
type of schedule typically produces a high, steady rate of responding with only a brief
pause after the delivery of the reinforcer.
5. Which process of memory involves the transformation of incoming information into a form
that can be stored in the brain?
A. Storage
B. Encoding
C. Retrieval
