Exam 2 (v2): NSG 3850 / NSG3850
( Edition)
Pathophysiology for Nurses II |
100% Correct Questions &
Answers - Galen
The amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration is called the
a. residual volume.
b. functional residual capacity.
c. expiratory reserve volume.
d. vital capacity.
ANS: A
Residual volume is the amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration.
Functional residual capacity is the amount of gas left in the lungs at the end of a normal
expiration. Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of gas expired beyond tidal volume. Vital
capacity is the total volume of gas that can be exhaled during maximal expiration.
An increase in filtration of fluid from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium occurs with
pressure.
a. increased capillary colloid
b. increased capillary hydrostatic
c. decreased capillary hydrostatic
d. decreased interstitial colloid
ANS: B
,When capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds capillary colloid osmotic pressure, fluid moves
from the capillary to the interstitium. Increased capillary colloid pressure, decreased capillary
hydrostatic pressure, or decreased interstitial colloid pressure would all prevent fluid movement
out of the capillaries.
The central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are
a. located in the carotid artery.
responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO2.
b. responsive primarily to hypoxemia.
c. less important than the peripheral
d. chemoreceptors in maintaining respiration.
ANS: B
Central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are responsive primarily to changes in pH and
CO2. The central chemoreceptors are located in the medullary center, are responsive to pH and
CO2, and are more important than the peripheral chemoreceptors in controlling respirations.
The peripheral chemoreceptors
a. are located in the medulla oblongata.
b. lead to hypoventilation when stimulated.
c. respond to the arterial oxygen level.
d. are unresponsive to pH and CO2 levels.
ANS: C
The peripheral chemoreceptors respond to reduced arterial oxygen (hypoxemia). The peripheral
chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies, lead to hyperventilation when
stimulated, and respond to pH and CO2 levels in addition to arterial oxygen level.
,Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
a. diverts blood to hypoxic regions.
b. increases blood flow to the base of the lung.
c. can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension.
d. is always detrimental to the patient.
ANS: C
Increased resistance to blood flow resulting from hypoxic vasoconstriction can lead to secondary
pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction diverts blood to nonhypoxic
regions, diverts blood to any area of the lung needed, and is helpful in maintaining adequate
oxygenation.
Most of the carbon dioxide in blood is
a. transported as bicarbonate.
b. transported on the hemoglobin molecule.
c. transported as carbonic acid.
d. dissolved in plasma.
ANS: A
Sixty to seventy percent of carbon dioxide in blood is transported as bicarbonate. Only 20% to
30% is carried on the hemoglobin molecule. An insignificant amount of carbon dioxide in
blood is transported as carbonic acid. Only 5% to 10% is dissolved in plasma.
Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the
a. effect of carbonic anhydrase on the uptake of CO2.
b. ability of blood to pick up more CO2 when PaO2 is low.
c. amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood.
d. changes in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen.
, ANS: D
Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the changes in hemoglobin affinity for
oxygen. Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve do not represent the effect of carbonic
anhydrase on the uptake of CO2, the ability of blood to pick up more CO2 when PaO2 is low, or
the amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood.
Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces
a. pulmonary vascular capacitance.
b. elastic recoil force.
c. alveolar surface tension.
d. pulmonary capillary fragility.
ANS: C
Surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension. Surfactant does not reduce pulmonary vascular
capacitance, elastic recoil force, or pulmonary capillary fragility.
Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by
a. increased pulmonary blood flow.
b. increased pulmonary vascular resistance.
c. increased left atrial pressure.
d. decreased alveolar compliance.
ANS: B
Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by increased pulmonary vascular
resistance. Although increased pulmonary blood flow and increased left atrial pressure can lead
to secondary pulmonary hypertension, the most common cause is increased pulmonary vascular
resistance. Decreased alveolar compliance does not cause pulmonary hypertension.
( Edition)
Pathophysiology for Nurses II |
100% Correct Questions &
Answers - Galen
The amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration is called the
a. residual volume.
b. functional residual capacity.
c. expiratory reserve volume.
d. vital capacity.
ANS: A
Residual volume is the amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration.
Functional residual capacity is the amount of gas left in the lungs at the end of a normal
expiration. Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of gas expired beyond tidal volume. Vital
capacity is the total volume of gas that can be exhaled during maximal expiration.
An increase in filtration of fluid from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium occurs with
pressure.
a. increased capillary colloid
b. increased capillary hydrostatic
c. decreased capillary hydrostatic
d. decreased interstitial colloid
ANS: B
,When capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds capillary colloid osmotic pressure, fluid moves
from the capillary to the interstitium. Increased capillary colloid pressure, decreased capillary
hydrostatic pressure, or decreased interstitial colloid pressure would all prevent fluid movement
out of the capillaries.
The central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are
a. located in the carotid artery.
responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO2.
b. responsive primarily to hypoxemia.
c. less important than the peripheral
d. chemoreceptors in maintaining respiration.
ANS: B
Central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are responsive primarily to changes in pH and
CO2. The central chemoreceptors are located in the medullary center, are responsive to pH and
CO2, and are more important than the peripheral chemoreceptors in controlling respirations.
The peripheral chemoreceptors
a. are located in the medulla oblongata.
b. lead to hypoventilation when stimulated.
c. respond to the arterial oxygen level.
d. are unresponsive to pH and CO2 levels.
ANS: C
The peripheral chemoreceptors respond to reduced arterial oxygen (hypoxemia). The peripheral
chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies, lead to hyperventilation when
stimulated, and respond to pH and CO2 levels in addition to arterial oxygen level.
,Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
a. diverts blood to hypoxic regions.
b. increases blood flow to the base of the lung.
c. can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension.
d. is always detrimental to the patient.
ANS: C
Increased resistance to blood flow resulting from hypoxic vasoconstriction can lead to secondary
pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction diverts blood to nonhypoxic
regions, diverts blood to any area of the lung needed, and is helpful in maintaining adequate
oxygenation.
Most of the carbon dioxide in blood is
a. transported as bicarbonate.
b. transported on the hemoglobin molecule.
c. transported as carbonic acid.
d. dissolved in plasma.
ANS: A
Sixty to seventy percent of carbon dioxide in blood is transported as bicarbonate. Only 20% to
30% is carried on the hemoglobin molecule. An insignificant amount of carbon dioxide in
blood is transported as carbonic acid. Only 5% to 10% is dissolved in plasma.
Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the
a. effect of carbonic anhydrase on the uptake of CO2.
b. ability of blood to pick up more CO2 when PaO2 is low.
c. amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood.
d. changes in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen.
, ANS: D
Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the changes in hemoglobin affinity for
oxygen. Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve do not represent the effect of carbonic
anhydrase on the uptake of CO2, the ability of blood to pick up more CO2 when PaO2 is low, or
the amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood.
Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces
a. pulmonary vascular capacitance.
b. elastic recoil force.
c. alveolar surface tension.
d. pulmonary capillary fragility.
ANS: C
Surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension. Surfactant does not reduce pulmonary vascular
capacitance, elastic recoil force, or pulmonary capillary fragility.
Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by
a. increased pulmonary blood flow.
b. increased pulmonary vascular resistance.
c. increased left atrial pressure.
d. decreased alveolar compliance.
ANS: B
Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by increased pulmonary vascular
resistance. Although increased pulmonary blood flow and increased left atrial pressure can lead
to secondary pulmonary hypertension, the most common cause is increased pulmonary vascular
resistance. Decreased alveolar compliance does not cause pulmonary hypertension.
