Q1. Describe the political and economic situation in India during/after the First World War.
Answer:
Defense Expenditure: There was a huge increase in defense expenditure, which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.
Customs Duty & Income Tax: Customs duties were raised and Income Tax was introduced.
Prices Increased: The prices of things increased, leading to extreme hardship for the common people.
Crop Failure: In many parts of India, there was a shortage of food as crops failed.
Q2. What is Satyagraha?
Answer:
Satyagraha is the idea of a novel method of mass agitation which emphasizes the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggests that if
the cause is true and the struggle is against injustice, physical force is not necessary to fight the oppressor.
Q3. Name the early Satyagraha movements organized by Mahatma Gandhi in India.
Answer:
Champaran (Bihar): To inspire peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
Kheda (Gujarat): To support peasants affected by crop failure and plague epidemic.
Ahmedabad (Gujarat): To support cotton mill workers.
Q4. What was the Rowlatt Act (1919)?
Answer:
It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
Q5. Describe the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
Answer:
A large crowd gathered in the enclosed grounds of Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the government while others came to attend the annual
Baisakhi fair.
Many people were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
General Dyer blocked the exits and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds of people.
Q6. Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) launched by Mahatma Gandhi?
Answer:
It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi to achieve self-governance (Swaraj) and protest against British influence, primarily due to the Jallianwala Bagh
massacre, the oppressive Rowlatt Act, and the Khilafat issue.
Q7. Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement called off in 1922?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi felt the movement was turning violent in many places and satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for
mass struggles.
Q8. What was the Swaraj Party? Who formed it?
Answer:
The Swaraj Party was a political party formed in January 1923 by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru.
Q9. Describe the role of Awadh Peasants in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
The Awadh Peasants, led by Baba Ramchandra and supported by Jawaharlal Nehru, integrated their local anti-landlord struggle into the NCM.
They fought against high rents, begar (forced unpaid labor), and extortionate demands by talukdars and landlords.
Q10. Why did Tribal Communities violate forest laws?
Answer:
Tribal communities violated forest laws because colonial forest laws prevented them from entering forest reserves to graze cattle or collect fuelwood
and fruits.
Q11. What were the steps taken by Mahatma Gandhi for the upliftment of Dalits?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi fought against untouchability, calling it a "terrible sin".
He called untouchables "Harijans", which means children of God.
He campaigned for their access to public places like temples, wells, roads, and schools.
He even cleaned toilets to show respect for sweepers and their work.
He established the Harijan Sevak Sangh to promote social equality.
Q12. Describe the Poona Pact.
Answer:
The Poona Pact was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (in September 1932).
It ended Gandhi's fast unto death against the British granting separate electorates to the Dalits and lower castes.
It gave reserved seats to Depressed Classes in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by a general electorate.
Q13. Why was Salt chosen as a symbol of protest under the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM)?
Answer:
Answer:
Defense Expenditure: There was a huge increase in defense expenditure, which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.
Customs Duty & Income Tax: Customs duties were raised and Income Tax was introduced.
Prices Increased: The prices of things increased, leading to extreme hardship for the common people.
Crop Failure: In many parts of India, there was a shortage of food as crops failed.
Q2. What is Satyagraha?
Answer:
Satyagraha is the idea of a novel method of mass agitation which emphasizes the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggests that if
the cause is true and the struggle is against injustice, physical force is not necessary to fight the oppressor.
Q3. Name the early Satyagraha movements organized by Mahatma Gandhi in India.
Answer:
Champaran (Bihar): To inspire peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
Kheda (Gujarat): To support peasants affected by crop failure and plague epidemic.
Ahmedabad (Gujarat): To support cotton mill workers.
Q4. What was the Rowlatt Act (1919)?
Answer:
It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
Q5. Describe the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
Answer:
A large crowd gathered in the enclosed grounds of Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the government while others came to attend the annual
Baisakhi fair.
Many people were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
General Dyer blocked the exits and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds of people.
Q6. Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) launched by Mahatma Gandhi?
Answer:
It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi to achieve self-governance (Swaraj) and protest against British influence, primarily due to the Jallianwala Bagh
massacre, the oppressive Rowlatt Act, and the Khilafat issue.
Q7. Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement called off in 1922?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi felt the movement was turning violent in many places and satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for
mass struggles.
Q8. What was the Swaraj Party? Who formed it?
Answer:
The Swaraj Party was a political party formed in January 1923 by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru.
Q9. Describe the role of Awadh Peasants in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
The Awadh Peasants, led by Baba Ramchandra and supported by Jawaharlal Nehru, integrated their local anti-landlord struggle into the NCM.
They fought against high rents, begar (forced unpaid labor), and extortionate demands by talukdars and landlords.
Q10. Why did Tribal Communities violate forest laws?
Answer:
Tribal communities violated forest laws because colonial forest laws prevented them from entering forest reserves to graze cattle or collect fuelwood
and fruits.
Q11. What were the steps taken by Mahatma Gandhi for the upliftment of Dalits?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi fought against untouchability, calling it a "terrible sin".
He called untouchables "Harijans", which means children of God.
He campaigned for their access to public places like temples, wells, roads, and schools.
He even cleaned toilets to show respect for sweepers and their work.
He established the Harijan Sevak Sangh to promote social equality.
Q12. Describe the Poona Pact.
Answer:
The Poona Pact was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (in September 1932).
It ended Gandhi's fast unto death against the British granting separate electorates to the Dalits and lower castes.
It gave reserved seats to Depressed Classes in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by a general electorate.
Q13. Why was Salt chosen as a symbol of protest under the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM)?
Answer:
