1|P a g e
NURS 8022 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |RATED A+ |HIGHLY
RECOMMENDED BY EXPERTS |NEW AND
REVISED
What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma
in only one of a pair of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance - ANSWER- Epigenetic modifications
Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid
sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template - ANSWER- RNA is
synthesized from a DNA template
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. paternal translocation
b. paternal viral illness
,2|P a g e
c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness - ANSWER- nondisjunction error
A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________
syndrome.
a. down
b. fragile x
c. klinefelter
d. turner - ANSWER- klinefelter
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene.
a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. x-linked recessive - ANSWER- autosomal recessive
Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain
cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink - ANSWER-
What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions,
cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?
A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells
into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink
B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels
into the brain cells, causing them to swell
,3|P a g e
C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain
cells, which slows the synapses in the brain
D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells
followed by water, causing the brain cells to swell
Organelle that contains the code needed for oxidative phosphorylation
is:
a. mitochondria
b. lysosomes
c. nucleus
d. vacuoles - ANSWER- mitochondria
Programmed cell death is an active process of cellular self-destruction. It
is also referred to as
a. apoptosis
b. necrosis
c. metastatic calcification
d. gangrene - ANSWER- Apoptosis
The nucleolus is a small dense structure composed mainly of RNA and
cellular DNA. What causes the DNA to bind and fold into
chromosomes?
a. amino acid sequences
b. histones
c. polymerase
, 4|P a g e
d. miRNA - ANSWER- Histones
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is never transmitted from father to son.
It is a good example of
a. sex-linked recessive disease
b. autosomal dominant disease
c. x-linked recessive disease
d. chromosome structure abnormality disease - ANSWER- x-linked
recessive disease
Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
a. t lymphocytes
b. neutrophils
c. eosinophils
d. b lymphocytes - ANSWER- Eosinophils
Which pathway in the complement system is activated by an antigen-
antibody response?
a. lectin
b. classic
c. alternative
d. none of the above - ANSWER- classic
The hallmark of AIDS profound immunosuppression, results from:
NURS 8022 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |RATED A+ |HIGHLY
RECOMMENDED BY EXPERTS |NEW AND
REVISED
What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma
in only one of a pair of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance - ANSWER- Epigenetic modifications
Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid
sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template - ANSWER- RNA is
synthesized from a DNA template
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. paternal translocation
b. paternal viral illness
,2|P a g e
c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness - ANSWER- nondisjunction error
A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________
syndrome.
a. down
b. fragile x
c. klinefelter
d. turner - ANSWER- klinefelter
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene.
a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. x-linked recessive - ANSWER- autosomal recessive
Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain
cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink - ANSWER-
What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions,
cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?
A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells
into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink
B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels
into the brain cells, causing them to swell
,3|P a g e
C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain
cells, which slows the synapses in the brain
D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells
followed by water, causing the brain cells to swell
Organelle that contains the code needed for oxidative phosphorylation
is:
a. mitochondria
b. lysosomes
c. nucleus
d. vacuoles - ANSWER- mitochondria
Programmed cell death is an active process of cellular self-destruction. It
is also referred to as
a. apoptosis
b. necrosis
c. metastatic calcification
d. gangrene - ANSWER- Apoptosis
The nucleolus is a small dense structure composed mainly of RNA and
cellular DNA. What causes the DNA to bind and fold into
chromosomes?
a. amino acid sequences
b. histones
c. polymerase
, 4|P a g e
d. miRNA - ANSWER- Histones
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is never transmitted from father to son.
It is a good example of
a. sex-linked recessive disease
b. autosomal dominant disease
c. x-linked recessive disease
d. chromosome structure abnormality disease - ANSWER- x-linked
recessive disease
Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
a. t lymphocytes
b. neutrophils
c. eosinophils
d. b lymphocytes - ANSWER- Eosinophils
Which pathway in the complement system is activated by an antigen-
antibody response?
a. lectin
b. classic
c. alternative
d. none of the above - ANSWER- classic
The hallmark of AIDS profound immunosuppression, results from:
