NUR 257 / NUR257 Aging and Chronic Illness in
Nursing Exam Review Actual 2025/2026 with Detailed
Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+
Graded
SECTION 1: THEORIES OF AGING & NORMAL AGE-RELATED
CHANGES (8 Questions)
Q1: A 78-year-old patient presents with new-onset confusion that developed over 2
days following a urinary tract infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?
● A. Dementia
● B. Delirium
● C. Depression
● D. Alzheimer's disease
● Correct Answer: B
● Rationale: Correct because delirium has acute onset and is often triggered by
infection in older adults.
Q2: Which physiological change in the older adult affects drug metabolism?
● A. Increased hepatic blood flow
● B. Decreased hepatic mass and blood flow
● C. Increased renal excretion
● D. Decreased gastrointestinal absorption
● Correct Answer: B
● Rationale: Correct because aging decreases liver mass and blood flow,
reducing drug metabolism.
Q3: Which assessment finding is a normal age-related change in the older adult?
● A. Dementia
● B. Presbyopia
● C. Urinary incontinence
, ● D. Depression
● Correct Answer: B
● Rationale: Correct because presbyopia (loss of near vision) is a normal
age-related change.
Q4: Which skin change is common in older adults and increases risk for pressure
ulcers?
● A. Increased elasticity
● B. Thicker epidermis
● C. Decreased subcutaneous fat
● D. Increased moisture
● Correct Answer: C
● Rationale: Correct because loss of subcutaneous fat reduces cushioning and
increases pressure injury risk.
Q5: What is the hallmark symptom of delirium?
● A. Insidious onset
● B. Progressive cognitive decline
● C. Acute onset with fluctuating course
● D. Memory loss
● Correct Answer: C
● Rationale: Correct because delirium has acute onset and fluctuates
throughout the day.
Q6: Which gastrointestinal change in aging increases the risk of constipation?
● A. Increased peristalsis
● B. Increased gastric acid
● C. Decreased intestinal motility
● D. Increased intestinal villi
● Correct Answer: C
● Rationale: Correct because decreased intestinal motility leads to constipation
in older adults.
Q7: Which lab finding is a normal age-related change?
● A. Increased hemoglobin
● B. Decreased creatinine clearance
● C. Increased albumin
● D. Decreased glucose
Nursing Exam Review Actual 2025/2026 with Detailed
Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+
Graded
SECTION 1: THEORIES OF AGING & NORMAL AGE-RELATED
CHANGES (8 Questions)
Q1: A 78-year-old patient presents with new-onset confusion that developed over 2
days following a urinary tract infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?
● A. Dementia
● B. Delirium
● C. Depression
● D. Alzheimer's disease
● Correct Answer: B
● Rationale: Correct because delirium has acute onset and is often triggered by
infection in older adults.
Q2: Which physiological change in the older adult affects drug metabolism?
● A. Increased hepatic blood flow
● B. Decreased hepatic mass and blood flow
● C. Increased renal excretion
● D. Decreased gastrointestinal absorption
● Correct Answer: B
● Rationale: Correct because aging decreases liver mass and blood flow,
reducing drug metabolism.
Q3: Which assessment finding is a normal age-related change in the older adult?
● A. Dementia
● B. Presbyopia
● C. Urinary incontinence
, ● D. Depression
● Correct Answer: B
● Rationale: Correct because presbyopia (loss of near vision) is a normal
age-related change.
Q4: Which skin change is common in older adults and increases risk for pressure
ulcers?
● A. Increased elasticity
● B. Thicker epidermis
● C. Decreased subcutaneous fat
● D. Increased moisture
● Correct Answer: C
● Rationale: Correct because loss of subcutaneous fat reduces cushioning and
increases pressure injury risk.
Q5: What is the hallmark symptom of delirium?
● A. Insidious onset
● B. Progressive cognitive decline
● C. Acute onset with fluctuating course
● D. Memory loss
● Correct Answer: C
● Rationale: Correct because delirium has acute onset and fluctuates
throughout the day.
Q6: Which gastrointestinal change in aging increases the risk of constipation?
● A. Increased peristalsis
● B. Increased gastric acid
● C. Decreased intestinal motility
● D. Increased intestinal villi
● Correct Answer: C
● Rationale: Correct because decreased intestinal motility leads to constipation
in older adults.
Q7: Which lab finding is a normal age-related change?
● A. Increased hemoglobin
● B. Decreased creatinine clearance
● C. Increased albumin
● D. Decreased glucose
