Patient-Centered Care Exam 1 Graded A+
Describe the concept of communication, including: definition - ANS-Definition: a
process of interaction between people in which symbols are used to create,
exchange, and interpret messages about ideas, emotions, and mind states
- communication is the key to nurse patient relationships and delivering patient-
centered care
- helps you develop meaningful relationships between nurse and patient/family
- helps ensure patient safety
- promotes personal growth and attainment of patient's health-related goals
- improves patient outcomes and increases patient satisfaction
Describe the concept of communication, including: scope and categories - ANS-
Scope:
- ranges from effective communication, to no communication whatsoever
- in between those 2 is ineffective communication
Categories:
- linguistic communication: spoken words or written symbols
- paralinguistic communication: nonverbal messages (gestures, eye contact, facial
expressions)
- metacommunication: context of the message
Describe the concept of communication, including: attributes and criteria - ANS-1)
a process of complimentary
exchange
- in each exchange, each participant is, in turn, either a sender or a receiver
- as each transmission is completed, the receiver perceives the message, interprets
the symbols (verbal and nonverbal), and responds again using symbols
2) context
- context is important to the quality of meaning derived by participants during the
process of complementary exchange
contextual factors include:
- characteristics of the environment
- relationship of participants
- internal mood stages (ex: anxiety)
- mental and physical conditions
- experience and education
- external noise
- culture
affected by relationships, including from highest power to lowest:
,- chief nursing officer
- nurse manager
- staff nurse
3) learned skill
- acquired over time
- unique communication patterns within the health care environment including:
- medical terminology
- health care culture
communicating with patients
- communicating with other nurses
- communicating across the health care team
- evolving mechanisms for communication
Describe the concept of communication, including: theoretical links - ANS-- the
most basic theory of communication is a linear process model that describes a
sender transmitting a message to a receiver
- sender encodes message, message is transmitted, receiver decodes and interprets
message
- Actual communication episodes involve multiple acts of perception and
interpretation, in addition to the creation of a mutually negotiated meaning
Describe the concept of communication, including: context to nursing and health
care. - ANS-- The professional role requires that nurses develop and practice a
variety of communication skills that will ensure successful role function as well as
the delivery of quality patient care.
1) communication competence
- communication must both be effective and appropriate
- effective= goals of communication are met
- appropriate= communication has been adapted to the people and situation
involved in the act of communication
- Professional nurses can expect to be tasked with the need to communicate as a
caregiver and as a member of a health care profession, both of which require skill
in interpersonal communication
- Achieving communication competence in nursing is important for optimizing safety
and quality in health care and for creating the voice and authority needed to
advocate for better systems and safer workplaces.
2) patient safety and health care quality
- lack of communication leads to many errors and sentinel events (98,000)
- suggest to use ISBARR communication technique
- This tool is a structured routine for passing information between team members,
most notably between nurses and other health care providers such as physicians
and nurse practitioners. When using this tool, the nurse will *I*dentify self,
describe the patient *S*ituation, explain the *B*ackground information relevant to
the situation, provide an *A*ssessment, provide *R*ecommendations for action,
and *R*ead back orders
,- QSEN (quality and safety education)
3) electronic health record
- Accurate and timely documentation in the patient record
- Important source of information and a major means of communication between
members of the team
- Legal document
- Evidence of provider's actions
4) advocay
- Speaking up for patients to ensure that health needs are met is an expectation
within the scope of professional nursing practice
- Ability
Describe differences in communication patterns across the lifespan and apply a
stage of Erikson's psychosocial development that needs to be addressed. - ANS-
????
Explain the importance of cultural awareness during the nurse patient relationship -
ANS-- culture influences thinking, feeling, behaving, and communicating
- try not to stereotype people
- different cultures will have different degrees of eye contact, personal space,
gestures, loud voice, pace of speech, touch, silence, and meaning of language
- try to see from their point of view
Describe considerations and resources in relation to caring for non-English speaking
or sensory deprived clients. - ANS-- use interpreters
- telephone interpretation services
- try not to use family
- speak directly to the patient even if an interpreter is present
- provide written instructions in english and their language
- incorporate patient's communication methods or need into plan of care
????
Compare and contrast the characteristics of a therapeutic relationship with a social
relationship. - ANS-therapeutic:
- Needs of patient identified and explored
- Clear boundaries established- not a social relationship
- Problem-solving approaches taken
- New coping skills developed
- Behavioral change encouraged
social:
- primarily initiated for the purpose of friendship, socialization, enjoyment, or
accomplishment of a task
- mutual needs met
- communication content is superficial
, -
Describe the role of self awareness in the nurse client relationship. - ANS-- being
self aware means you know what you value and believe in
- as a nurse it is important to develop this and then acknowledge and monitor our
responses to patients who possess different values and beliefs
- When working with patients, it is important for nurses to understand that our
values and beliefs are not necessarily right and certainly are not right for everyone
- being self aware helps us to accept the uniqueness and differences in others
Compare and contrast the common tasks inherent in each of the four phases of the
therapeutic nurse-client relationship. - ANS-1) preinteraction phase: occurs before
meeting the patient
- refer to your chart to understand patient
- know how to handle yourself, try and not be nervous
2) orientation phase: when the nurse and the patient meet and get to know each
other
- can be a few meetings or over a longer period of time
- where the nurse conducts the initial interview
- consists of (in order): introductions, establishing rapport, specifying a contract,
and explaining confidentiality
3) working phase: when the nurse and the patient work together to solve problems
and accomplish goals; nurse will:
- maintain relationship
- gather further data
- identify problem solving-skills and self-esteem
- provide education about the disorder
- promote symptom management
- provide medication education
- evaluate progress
4) termination phase: occurs at the end of a relationship
- can either be when the patient is discharged or when the student's clinical
rotation ends
- includes:
- summarizing the goals and objectives achieved in the relationship
- discussing ways for the patient to incorporate into daily life any new coping
strategies learned
- reviewing situations that occurred during the nurse-patient relationship
- exchanging memories, which can help validate the experience for both nurse and
patient and facilitate closure of that relationship
- discuss plans for the future
Discuss the common bridges and barriers in the therapeutic nurse-client
relationship. - ANS-- being friendly but to crossing the line into a social relationship
Describe the concept of communication, including: definition - ANS-Definition: a
process of interaction between people in which symbols are used to create,
exchange, and interpret messages about ideas, emotions, and mind states
- communication is the key to nurse patient relationships and delivering patient-
centered care
- helps you develop meaningful relationships between nurse and patient/family
- helps ensure patient safety
- promotes personal growth and attainment of patient's health-related goals
- improves patient outcomes and increases patient satisfaction
Describe the concept of communication, including: scope and categories - ANS-
Scope:
- ranges from effective communication, to no communication whatsoever
- in between those 2 is ineffective communication
Categories:
- linguistic communication: spoken words or written symbols
- paralinguistic communication: nonverbal messages (gestures, eye contact, facial
expressions)
- metacommunication: context of the message
Describe the concept of communication, including: attributes and criteria - ANS-1)
a process of complimentary
exchange
- in each exchange, each participant is, in turn, either a sender or a receiver
- as each transmission is completed, the receiver perceives the message, interprets
the symbols (verbal and nonverbal), and responds again using symbols
2) context
- context is important to the quality of meaning derived by participants during the
process of complementary exchange
contextual factors include:
- characteristics of the environment
- relationship of participants
- internal mood stages (ex: anxiety)
- mental and physical conditions
- experience and education
- external noise
- culture
affected by relationships, including from highest power to lowest:
,- chief nursing officer
- nurse manager
- staff nurse
3) learned skill
- acquired over time
- unique communication patterns within the health care environment including:
- medical terminology
- health care culture
communicating with patients
- communicating with other nurses
- communicating across the health care team
- evolving mechanisms for communication
Describe the concept of communication, including: theoretical links - ANS-- the
most basic theory of communication is a linear process model that describes a
sender transmitting a message to a receiver
- sender encodes message, message is transmitted, receiver decodes and interprets
message
- Actual communication episodes involve multiple acts of perception and
interpretation, in addition to the creation of a mutually negotiated meaning
Describe the concept of communication, including: context to nursing and health
care. - ANS-- The professional role requires that nurses develop and practice a
variety of communication skills that will ensure successful role function as well as
the delivery of quality patient care.
1) communication competence
- communication must both be effective and appropriate
- effective= goals of communication are met
- appropriate= communication has been adapted to the people and situation
involved in the act of communication
- Professional nurses can expect to be tasked with the need to communicate as a
caregiver and as a member of a health care profession, both of which require skill
in interpersonal communication
- Achieving communication competence in nursing is important for optimizing safety
and quality in health care and for creating the voice and authority needed to
advocate for better systems and safer workplaces.
2) patient safety and health care quality
- lack of communication leads to many errors and sentinel events (98,000)
- suggest to use ISBARR communication technique
- This tool is a structured routine for passing information between team members,
most notably between nurses and other health care providers such as physicians
and nurse practitioners. When using this tool, the nurse will *I*dentify self,
describe the patient *S*ituation, explain the *B*ackground information relevant to
the situation, provide an *A*ssessment, provide *R*ecommendations for action,
and *R*ead back orders
,- QSEN (quality and safety education)
3) electronic health record
- Accurate and timely documentation in the patient record
- Important source of information and a major means of communication between
members of the team
- Legal document
- Evidence of provider's actions
4) advocay
- Speaking up for patients to ensure that health needs are met is an expectation
within the scope of professional nursing practice
- Ability
Describe differences in communication patterns across the lifespan and apply a
stage of Erikson's psychosocial development that needs to be addressed. - ANS-
????
Explain the importance of cultural awareness during the nurse patient relationship -
ANS-- culture influences thinking, feeling, behaving, and communicating
- try not to stereotype people
- different cultures will have different degrees of eye contact, personal space,
gestures, loud voice, pace of speech, touch, silence, and meaning of language
- try to see from their point of view
Describe considerations and resources in relation to caring for non-English speaking
or sensory deprived clients. - ANS-- use interpreters
- telephone interpretation services
- try not to use family
- speak directly to the patient even if an interpreter is present
- provide written instructions in english and their language
- incorporate patient's communication methods or need into plan of care
????
Compare and contrast the characteristics of a therapeutic relationship with a social
relationship. - ANS-therapeutic:
- Needs of patient identified and explored
- Clear boundaries established- not a social relationship
- Problem-solving approaches taken
- New coping skills developed
- Behavioral change encouraged
social:
- primarily initiated for the purpose of friendship, socialization, enjoyment, or
accomplishment of a task
- mutual needs met
- communication content is superficial
, -
Describe the role of self awareness in the nurse client relationship. - ANS-- being
self aware means you know what you value and believe in
- as a nurse it is important to develop this and then acknowledge and monitor our
responses to patients who possess different values and beliefs
- When working with patients, it is important for nurses to understand that our
values and beliefs are not necessarily right and certainly are not right for everyone
- being self aware helps us to accept the uniqueness and differences in others
Compare and contrast the common tasks inherent in each of the four phases of the
therapeutic nurse-client relationship. - ANS-1) preinteraction phase: occurs before
meeting the patient
- refer to your chart to understand patient
- know how to handle yourself, try and not be nervous
2) orientation phase: when the nurse and the patient meet and get to know each
other
- can be a few meetings or over a longer period of time
- where the nurse conducts the initial interview
- consists of (in order): introductions, establishing rapport, specifying a contract,
and explaining confidentiality
3) working phase: when the nurse and the patient work together to solve problems
and accomplish goals; nurse will:
- maintain relationship
- gather further data
- identify problem solving-skills and self-esteem
- provide education about the disorder
- promote symptom management
- provide medication education
- evaluate progress
4) termination phase: occurs at the end of a relationship
- can either be when the patient is discharged or when the student's clinical
rotation ends
- includes:
- summarizing the goals and objectives achieved in the relationship
- discussing ways for the patient to incorporate into daily life any new coping
strategies learned
- reviewing situations that occurred during the nurse-patient relationship
- exchanging memories, which can help validate the experience for both nurse and
patient and facilitate closure of that relationship
- discuss plans for the future
Discuss the common bridges and barriers in the therapeutic nurse-client
relationship. - ANS-- being friendly but to crossing the line into a social relationship
