Bio1107H Unit 4 – Matthew Aderholt – Abac Questions And Answers | Bio1107H Unit 4 Study Guide 2026/2027

BIO1107H UNIT 4 – MATTHEW ADERHOLT – ABAC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
BIO1107H UNIT 4 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027


Heredity - ANS ✔✔Passing of traits from parents to offspring

characters - ANS ✔✔Categories of an organism's physical appearance (Ex Eye color, hair color etc.)

Traits - ANS ✔✔Specific variants of a character (Ex. blue eyes, red hair)

Genes - ANS ✔✔____________ are specific segments of DNA that code for a protein ---> determines
physical appearance.

Alleles - ANS ✔✔Alternative forms/versions of a gene

Locus (loci) - ANS ✔✔Refers to the physical location of a gene on a chromosomes

Dominant - ANS ✔✔_____________________ alleles: always expressed when present

Recessive - ANS ✔✔____________________ alleles: Only expressed when dominant alleles is absent

Phenotype - ANS ✔✔_________________ refers to an orgainsim's physical appearance

Geneotype - ANS ✔✔__________________ refers to an organism's makeup

Homozygous - ANS ✔✔__________________ means two of the same allele

Homozygous Dominant - ANS ✔✔AA is...

Homozygous Recessive - ANS ✔✔aa is...

Heterozygous - ANS ✔✔_________________ means two different alleles "Aa"

monohybrid cross - ANS ✔✔Organisms being cross differ by one single trait. (Purple vs. white flowers)

True-breeding - ANS ✔✔Individual is homozygous for a given trait.

law of indenpendent assortment - ANS ✔✔Homologous chromosomes line up randomly in meiosis 1
creating mant possible combinations of traits.
---> All combinations are equally likely outcomes

Law of dominance - ANS ✔✔Recessive alleles are only expressed when dominant alleles are absent

Law of Segregation - ANS ✔✔Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis 1 so that each gamete
only recive one.

, incomplete dominance - ANS ✔✔the domonant allele dosen't completly mask the recessive allele --->
produces a blended phenotype

Co-dominance - ANS ✔✔More than one dominant allele for a given character ---> expressed separatly

multiple alleles - ANS ✔✔3+ alleles for a given character (ex. Human blood types)

Epistasis - ANS ✔✔the express of one gene is depant on the presence of a separate modifier gene (Ex.
coat color)

one gene controls pigment color and one controls pigment deposition - ANS ✔✔in epistasis
______________________________________________________

polygenic inheritance - ANS ✔✔Many genes control a single character (ex. human skin color)

one gene controls multlple characters - ANS ✔✔With sikle cell anemia...

homologous pairs of chromosomes - ANS ✔✔Diploid organisms posses
________________________________________

independent assortment - ANS ✔✔_________________________________ in meiosis 1 randomly
distributes homologous chromosomes generating many possible combos of traits.

Meiosis - ANS ✔✔______________ generates haploid gametes

Sperm, egg - ANS ✔✔_____________ & ______________ contribute equally to the genetic info of
offspring

diploid zygote - ANS ✔✔Fertilization produces a ____________________________

Linked genes - ANS ✔✔_____________ are any genes located on the same chromosomes ---> do not
follow indenpent assortment ---> likely to be inheritied together

crossing over - ANS ✔✔___________________ can seperate/ recombo linked genes ---> linkage depends
on distance

1% of recomboation - ANS ✔✔1cm =

sex linked genes - ANS ✔✔Any gene located on a sex chromosome

Changes in chromosome #, size, or arrangement - ANS ✔✔Genetic diseases result from...

Karyotypes - ANS ✔✔chromosomes are arrange in homologous pairs from largest to smallest.

Autosomes - ANS ✔✔Body or non-sex chromosomes