WGU D669
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hk0pq2
1. Print Awareness The understanding that printed text carries meaning, including the recognition of
words, letters, and the functions of various elements in a book or written material.
2. Letter Awareness The understanding that letters are representations of sounds.
3. Book Awareness The understanding of how books work, including concepts such as reading from
left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and back covers.
4. Word Awareness The recognition and understanding of individual words as distinct units of lan-
guage, including their sounds, meanings, and spellings.
5. Concepts About The understanding of how printed materials, such as books and other written texts,
Print function and are structured.
6. Phonological The ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language, including
Awareness words, syllables, and phonemes (individual speech sounds), without necessarily
understanding the meaning of the words.
7. Phonemic Aware- A subset of phonological awareness and specifically refers to the ability to recog-
ness nize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds) in spoken words.
8. Syllables Units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound and may or may not
be preceded or followed by consonant sounds.
9. Onset The initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes before the vowel
sound.
10. Rime The part of a syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any consonant sounds
that follow it.
11. Consonant A speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air through the vocal tract.
12. Vowel A speech sound produced without significant constriction or closure of the vocal
tract.
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13. Stops Consonant sounds produced by one push of breath and then stopping the air,
including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/.
14. Nasals Consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing air to escape
through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/.
15. Fricatives Consonant sounds produced by forcing air through a narrow opening or passage
in the vocal tract, creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/, and
/th/.
16. Affricatives Consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as fricatives, which involves
a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release with friction, such as the
sounds /ch/ and /j/.
17. Glides Consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, which includes /h/, /w/,
and /y/.
18. Liquids Consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal tract, allowing for
the relatively free flow of air, like /l/ and /r/.
19. Voiced Sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords.
20. Unvoiced Sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords.
21. Decoding The process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships (grapheme phoneme
correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes) into spoken language
(phonemes) and recognize words.
22. Orthographic The process by which individuals learn to recognize and store the visual represen-
Mapping tations of words in their long-term memory, which requires phonemic awareness,
letter sound knowledge, and the mechanism for sight word learning.
23. Letter-Sound The relationship between written letters and their associated spoken sounds,
Correspondence essential for decoding words in reading.
2/7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hk0pq2
1. Print Awareness The understanding that printed text carries meaning, including the recognition of
words, letters, and the functions of various elements in a book or written material.
2. Letter Awareness The understanding that letters are representations of sounds.
3. Book Awareness The understanding of how books work, including concepts such as reading from
left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and back covers.
4. Word Awareness The recognition and understanding of individual words as distinct units of lan-
guage, including their sounds, meanings, and spellings.
5. Concepts About The understanding of how printed materials, such as books and other written texts,
Print function and are structured.
6. Phonological The ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language, including
Awareness words, syllables, and phonemes (individual speech sounds), without necessarily
understanding the meaning of the words.
7. Phonemic Aware- A subset of phonological awareness and specifically refers to the ability to recog-
ness nize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds) in spoken words.
8. Syllables Units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound and may or may not
be preceded or followed by consonant sounds.
9. Onset The initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes before the vowel
sound.
10. Rime The part of a syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any consonant sounds
that follow it.
11. Consonant A speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air through the vocal tract.
12. Vowel A speech sound produced without significant constriction or closure of the vocal
tract.
1/7
, WGU D669
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hk0pq2
13. Stops Consonant sounds produced by one push of breath and then stopping the air,
including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/.
14. Nasals Consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing air to escape
through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/.
15. Fricatives Consonant sounds produced by forcing air through a narrow opening or passage
in the vocal tract, creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/, and
/th/.
16. Affricatives Consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as fricatives, which involves
a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release with friction, such as the
sounds /ch/ and /j/.
17. Glides Consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, which includes /h/, /w/,
and /y/.
18. Liquids Consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal tract, allowing for
the relatively free flow of air, like /l/ and /r/.
19. Voiced Sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords.
20. Unvoiced Sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords.
21. Decoding The process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships (grapheme phoneme
correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes) into spoken language
(phonemes) and recognize words.
22. Orthographic The process by which individuals learn to recognize and store the visual represen-
Mapping tations of words in their long-term memory, which requires phonemic awareness,
letter sound knowledge, and the mechanism for sight word learning.
23. Letter-Sound The relationship between written letters and their associated spoken sounds,
Correspondence essential for decoding words in reading.
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