WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2d1pvt
1. Nutrition provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
2. Undernutrition implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if
the person is consuming more than enough calories
3. Malnutrition an imbalance of proper nutrients
4. Anorexia nervosa literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is
hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat.
Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often
an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
5. Bulimia characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts
of food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through
self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
6. Binge eating dis- episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts
order (BED) of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after
overeating.
7. Obesity 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased
intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low
nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such
as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
8. Minerals inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neu-
trality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
9. Major minerals needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2d1pvt
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
10. Trace minerals required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper,
iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
11. HDL cholesterol protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
(high density
lipoproteins)
12. LDL cholesterol most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad choles-
(low density terol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the
lipoproteins) arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
13. Lipoproteins large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is trans-
ported
14. Antioxidants slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals
produced during oxidation reactions
15. Oxidation reac- the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to
tions or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or
molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of
a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups
of atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
16. Free radical (Oxi- any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons
dant) typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in
an effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there
is potential for a great deal of damage.
17. Carbohydrates
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2d1pvt
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and
rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
18. Protein produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Com-
posed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the
body) amino acids. Perform many functions including building cells and tissues,
forming blood and enzymes, and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can
take place, without it
19. Lipids produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not readily
dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides
(more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
20. Incomplete pro- proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino acids
tein
21. Glycogen the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
22. Glucose simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to function
23. Triglycerides Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds that contain fatty
(Fats) acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated source of energy in the diet.
Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate body organs against
changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs and underlying tissues
by acting as a shock absorber.
24. Water essential component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in importance
to body functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other physiologically
important compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste products
from the cells and helps regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and solids
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2d1pvt
in the diet and also is produced by the metabolic processing of energy nutrients
within the tissues
25. Oils liquid at room temperature.
26. Vitamins organic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain health and
prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not become
part of the body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by the
diet because the body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities
for proper nourishment and body function. Foster growth, promote the ability
to produce healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the normal function of the
digestive tract and appetite, and help maintain immune system functions.
27. Fat-soluble vita- found in the fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored in the body until needed,
mins so it is not necessary to consume them every day. Transported by lipids through
the body; A, D, E, and K
28. Vitamin A important in promoting growth and health of body tissues as well as enhancing
the function of the immune system. Enhances vision by helping the retina function
properly, permitting us to distinguish between light and shade and to see various
colors distinctly. A form of this is used by dermatologists to treat acne and other
skin disorders. Overdoses may result in yellowish, dry, scaly skin and dry, irritated
eyes
29. Vitamin D essential for calcium absorption and thus is needed to prevent and cure rick-
ets(deficiency disease in which bones fail to harden)
30. Vitamin E an activator in certain enzyme reactions, and it protects vitamins A and C from
being used up too quickly
31. Vitamin K essential for the synthesis of prothrombin, a substance needed for normal blood
coagulation.
32.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2d1pvt
1. Nutrition provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
2. Undernutrition implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if
the person is consuming more than enough calories
3. Malnutrition an imbalance of proper nutrients
4. Anorexia nervosa literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is
hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat.
Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often
an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
5. Bulimia characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts
of food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through
self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
6. Binge eating dis- episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts
order (BED) of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after
overeating.
7. Obesity 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased
intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low
nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such
as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
8. Minerals inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neu-
trality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
9. Major minerals needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2d1pvt
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
10. Trace minerals required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper,
iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
11. HDL cholesterol protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
(high density
lipoproteins)
12. LDL cholesterol most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad choles-
(low density terol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the
lipoproteins) arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
13. Lipoproteins large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is trans-
ported
14. Antioxidants slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals
produced during oxidation reactions
15. Oxidation reac- the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to
tions or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or
molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of
a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups
of atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
16. Free radical (Oxi- any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons
dant) typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in
an effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there
is potential for a great deal of damage.
17. Carbohydrates
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2d1pvt
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and
rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
18. Protein produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Com-
posed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the
body) amino acids. Perform many functions including building cells and tissues,
forming blood and enzymes, and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can
take place, without it
19. Lipids produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not readily
dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides
(more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
20. Incomplete pro- proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino acids
tein
21. Glycogen the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
22. Glucose simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to function
23. Triglycerides Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds that contain fatty
(Fats) acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated source of energy in the diet.
Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate body organs against
changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs and underlying tissues
by acting as a shock absorber.
24. Water essential component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in importance
to body functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other physiologically
important compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste products
from the cells and helps regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and solids
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2d1pvt
in the diet and also is produced by the metabolic processing of energy nutrients
within the tissues
25. Oils liquid at room temperature.
26. Vitamins organic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain health and
prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not become
part of the body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by the
diet because the body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities
for proper nourishment and body function. Foster growth, promote the ability
to produce healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the normal function of the
digestive tract and appetite, and help maintain immune system functions.
27. Fat-soluble vita- found in the fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored in the body until needed,
mins so it is not necessary to consume them every day. Transported by lipids through
the body; A, D, E, and K
28. Vitamin A important in promoting growth and health of body tissues as well as enhancing
the function of the immune system. Enhances vision by helping the retina function
properly, permitting us to distinguish between light and shade and to see various
colors distinctly. A form of this is used by dermatologists to treat acne and other
skin disorders. Overdoses may result in yellowish, dry, scaly skin and dry, irritated
eyes
29. Vitamin D essential for calcium absorption and thus is needed to prevent and cure rick-
ets(deficiency disease in which bones fail to harden)
30. Vitamin E an activator in certain enzyme reactions, and it protects vitamins A and C from
being used up too quickly
31. Vitamin K essential for the synthesis of prothrombin, a substance needed for normal blood
coagulation.
32.
