COMPLETE (LATEST 2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) GRADE
A | GALEN./
Question 1
A nurse begins an abdominal assessment on an adult patient. Which
sequence should the nurse follow?
A. Inspection → Percussion → Palpation → Auscultation
B. Auscultation → Inspection → Percussion → Palpation
C. Inspection → Auscultation → Percussion → Palpation
D. Inspection → Palpation → Percussion → Auscultation
,✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ C
Rationale
Correct Answer (C):
The abdomen is the only body system assessed in the order of Inspection,
Auscultation, Percussion, and Palpation (IAPP) because percussion and
palpation can stimulate bowel activity and alter bowel sounds.
Incorrect Answers
• A: Auscultation should occur before percussion.
• B: Inspection is always performed first.
• D: Palpation should always be performed last.
Question 2
A nurse auscultates loud, rushing, high-pitched bowel sounds occurring
every few seconds. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
A. Normal bowel activity
,B. Paralytic ileus
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
D. Absent bowel sounds
✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ C
Rationale
Hyperactive bowel sounds are loud, high-pitched, and frequent. They
commonly occur with diarrhea, gastroenteritis, or early intestinal
obstruction.
• Normal bowel sounds are intermittent soft clicks and gurgles.
• Paralytic ileus usually produces hypoactive or absent sounds.
• Absent bowel sounds require prolonged assessment and may indicate
a medical emergency.
Question 3
, A nurse asks a patient to empty the bladder before an abdominal
examination. What is the primary reason?
A. It improves bowel motility.
B. It decreases discomfort and improves palpation.
C. It prevents urinary infection.
D. It increases abdominal muscle tone.
✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ B
Rationale
An empty bladder:
• Improves patient comfort.
• Allows deeper abdominal palpation.
• Prevents a distended bladder from being mistaken for an abdominal
mass.
The other options are unrelated.