NSE 212 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
◦ Interviews correct answer ◦ Data in quantitative studies are frequently numerical
but can also be words
◦ -useful when the purpose is to collect information from participants using finite
set of questions
◦ -can provide anonymity
◦ Interviews -questions are asked verbally/orally using open ended or closed
ended (quantitative)
◦ Open ended- Used when the researcher wants the participants to respond in
their own words and when the researcher does not know all the possible
alternative responsesà Ex: "Are there incentives that the Canadian Nurses
Association ought to provide for members that are not currently being provided?"
◦ Closed Ended- Question which the respondent may answer with only a fixed
number of alternative responses; many scales use a fixed response format like the
"Likert-type scale"à list of statements which responses vary in degrees (strongly
agree, disagree, satisfied, moderately satisfied, 1 to 2, 7 to 9, etc.)
3 aspects of reliability correct answer 1. Stability
2. Internal Consistency
3. Equivalence
3 major kinds of validity correct answer Content validity
Criterion-related
Construct
5 Components of a clinical question correct answer • Has 5 components; EX
,Population- adolescents aged 13-18, with type 1 diabetes
Intervention- educational intervention
Comparison- standard care or no intervention
Outcome- improved knowledge about diabetes management
Time- outcome measured at 3 months after the intervention
Advantages/disadvantages of probability sampling correct answer Overall, should
be representative of the population
Costly and more difficult to achieve, may not always be practical
Obtaining a full list of all elements (sampling frame) is not always possible and
because of that, this adds an element of bias
The probability of selecting a representative sample increases
The ability to generalize findings is enhanced
Aim of inquiry correct answer goals or specific objectives of the research
R/T POST-POSITIVISM
Explanation, prediction, and control
Anonymity correct answer Researcher cannot link individuals with the
information provided.
Assessing Strength of Scientific Evidence correct answer • Quality: Extent to which
a study's design, implementation, and analysis minimizes bias
• Quantity: Number of studies that have evaluated the research question,
including sample size across studies
,• Consistency: Degree to which studies have similar and different designs yet the
same research question and similar findings
Basic versus Applied Research correct answer ● Basic Research: Expand nursing
knowledge (e.g. theoretical questions)
● Applied Research: Designed to solve clinical problems
clinical question correct answer • -Posed by consumers of research
- First step in evidence informed practice
• - Often arise from clinical situations
• -Posed by clinicians interested in making a decision about how to approach a
patient care issue
• - Guide the nurse in searching for best available evidence to support practice
CLINICAL QUESTION
Does the use of pain diaries in palliative care patients with cancer, lead to
improved pain control?
CNA Position Statement correct answer • "CNA believes that nurses - including
clinicians, educators, researchers, administrators and policy-makers - must
collaborate with other health-care stakeholders to facilitate evidence-informed
decision-making and practice". (CNA Position Statement, 2018, p. 1)
CNO Professional Standards Related to Research correct answer • Use research to
inform practice/professional service
• Seek and critique theoretical and research-based literature in nursing, health
services, etc.
• Integrate research findings into professional service and practice
, • Use research based/informed approaches for application to practice
Components of a Research Report correct answer Title
Abstract
Introduction
• Definition of the Purpose
• Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
• Hypothesis or Research Question
Methods: Research design, sample,, instruments, ethics, procedures and data
collection methods
Results: Data analysis
Discussion: Implications and conclusions
References
Conceptual Definiton correct answer • Similar to dictionary definition indicating
the general meaning of the concept
• Also includes how a concept is defined in the theoretical literature
• Example:
• Pain is "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or
resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."
(International Association for the Study of Pain)
Conceptual Framework correct answer Ø Researcher creates structure to guide
research
Ø Provides a map to guide study
Ø Can be based on:
ANSWERS
◦ Interviews correct answer ◦ Data in quantitative studies are frequently numerical
but can also be words
◦ -useful when the purpose is to collect information from participants using finite
set of questions
◦ -can provide anonymity
◦ Interviews -questions are asked verbally/orally using open ended or closed
ended (quantitative)
◦ Open ended- Used when the researcher wants the participants to respond in
their own words and when the researcher does not know all the possible
alternative responsesà Ex: "Are there incentives that the Canadian Nurses
Association ought to provide for members that are not currently being provided?"
◦ Closed Ended- Question which the respondent may answer with only a fixed
number of alternative responses; many scales use a fixed response format like the
"Likert-type scale"à list of statements which responses vary in degrees (strongly
agree, disagree, satisfied, moderately satisfied, 1 to 2, 7 to 9, etc.)
3 aspects of reliability correct answer 1. Stability
2. Internal Consistency
3. Equivalence
3 major kinds of validity correct answer Content validity
Criterion-related
Construct
5 Components of a clinical question correct answer • Has 5 components; EX
,Population- adolescents aged 13-18, with type 1 diabetes
Intervention- educational intervention
Comparison- standard care or no intervention
Outcome- improved knowledge about diabetes management
Time- outcome measured at 3 months after the intervention
Advantages/disadvantages of probability sampling correct answer Overall, should
be representative of the population
Costly and more difficult to achieve, may not always be practical
Obtaining a full list of all elements (sampling frame) is not always possible and
because of that, this adds an element of bias
The probability of selecting a representative sample increases
The ability to generalize findings is enhanced
Aim of inquiry correct answer goals or specific objectives of the research
R/T POST-POSITIVISM
Explanation, prediction, and control
Anonymity correct answer Researcher cannot link individuals with the
information provided.
Assessing Strength of Scientific Evidence correct answer • Quality: Extent to which
a study's design, implementation, and analysis minimizes bias
• Quantity: Number of studies that have evaluated the research question,
including sample size across studies
,• Consistency: Degree to which studies have similar and different designs yet the
same research question and similar findings
Basic versus Applied Research correct answer ● Basic Research: Expand nursing
knowledge (e.g. theoretical questions)
● Applied Research: Designed to solve clinical problems
clinical question correct answer • -Posed by consumers of research
- First step in evidence informed practice
• - Often arise from clinical situations
• -Posed by clinicians interested in making a decision about how to approach a
patient care issue
• - Guide the nurse in searching for best available evidence to support practice
CLINICAL QUESTION
Does the use of pain diaries in palliative care patients with cancer, lead to
improved pain control?
CNA Position Statement correct answer • "CNA believes that nurses - including
clinicians, educators, researchers, administrators and policy-makers - must
collaborate with other health-care stakeholders to facilitate evidence-informed
decision-making and practice". (CNA Position Statement, 2018, p. 1)
CNO Professional Standards Related to Research correct answer • Use research to
inform practice/professional service
• Seek and critique theoretical and research-based literature in nursing, health
services, etc.
• Integrate research findings into professional service and practice
, • Use research based/informed approaches for application to practice
Components of a Research Report correct answer Title
Abstract
Introduction
• Definition of the Purpose
• Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
• Hypothesis or Research Question
Methods: Research design, sample,, instruments, ethics, procedures and data
collection methods
Results: Data analysis
Discussion: Implications and conclusions
References
Conceptual Definiton correct answer • Similar to dictionary definition indicating
the general meaning of the concept
• Also includes how a concept is defined in the theoretical literature
• Example:
• Pain is "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or
resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."
(International Association for the Study of Pain)
Conceptual Framework correct answer Ø Researcher creates structure to guide
research
Ø Provides a map to guide study
Ø Can be based on:
