NURS 6531 FINAL EXAM REVIEW DECK 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - Answers - Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone),
hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine
osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Answers - Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - Answers - diluted with low osmolality
and hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - Answers - Flush the foley catheter to see if urine
comes out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged
sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - Answers - Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - Answers - hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - Answers - Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can
be exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - Answers - hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - Answers - Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - Answers - A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the
upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - Answers - A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the
facial nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
, What is Babinski's sign? - Answers - An upward response (extension) of the hallux
when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord
disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - Answers - Loss of balance in standing when eyes are
closed. Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - Answers - pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated
with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answers - Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - Answers - Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answers - Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - Answers - Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - Answers - Proteus
mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - Answers - Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - Answers - Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - Answers - "Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - Answers - Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - Answers - peaked T-
waves, wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an
MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis? - Answers - Heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - Answers - Diabetes
AND ANSWERS
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - Answers - Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone),
hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine
osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Answers - Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - Answers - diluted with low osmolality
and hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - Answers - Flush the foley catheter to see if urine
comes out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged
sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - Answers - Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - Answers - hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - Answers - Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can
be exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - Answers - hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - Answers - Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - Answers - A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the
upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - Answers - A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the
facial nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
, What is Babinski's sign? - Answers - An upward response (extension) of the hallux
when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord
disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - Answers - Loss of balance in standing when eyes are
closed. Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - Answers - pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated
with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answers - Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - Answers - Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answers - Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - Answers - Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - Answers - Proteus
mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - Answers - Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - Answers - Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - Answers - "Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - Answers - Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - Answers - peaked T-
waves, wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an
MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis? - Answers - Heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - Answers - Diabetes
