AP Bio: Unit 4 Cell Signaling and Cell Cycle Test with Answers
1. Chromosome A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome
consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
2. Gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
3. Mutation change in a DNA sequence that attects genetic information
4. Chromatin Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled
around histones
5. Chromatid one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
6. Centromere Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
7. Autosome Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
8. Gamete specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
9. Cell cycle The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
10. G1 phase The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
11. S phase The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA
is replicated.
12. G2 phase The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
after DNA synthesis occurs.
13. M phase mitosis and cytokinesis
14. G0 phase A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes
reversibly.
15. Checkpoint
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, AP Bio: Unit 4 Cell Signaling and Cell Cycle Test with Answers
A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the
cycle.
16. Cyclin one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic
cells
17. Cancer any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
18. Contact inhibi- a process that stops additional cell growth when cells become crowded; cancer
tion cells are immune to contact inhibition
19. Angiogenesis formation of new blood vessels
20. Metastasize the process by which cancer spreads from one place in the body to another
21. Benign tumor An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body.
22. Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
23. Interphase period of the cell cycle between cell divisions (G1, S, and G2 phase)
24. Mitosis a type of eukaryotic cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the
same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary
tissue growth.
25. Prophase Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms
26. Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
27. Metaphase plate Plane midway between the two poles of the cell where chromosomes line up
during metaphase.
28. Anaphase Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends
of the cell
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1. Chromosome A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome
consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
2. Gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
3. Mutation change in a DNA sequence that attects genetic information
4. Chromatin Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled
around histones
5. Chromatid one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
6. Centromere Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
7. Autosome Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
8. Gamete specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
9. Cell cycle The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
10. G1 phase The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
11. S phase The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA
is replicated.
12. G2 phase The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
after DNA synthesis occurs.
13. M phase mitosis and cytokinesis
14. G0 phase A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes
reversibly.
15. Checkpoint
1/6
, AP Bio: Unit 4 Cell Signaling and Cell Cycle Test with Answers
A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the
cycle.
16. Cyclin one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic
cells
17. Cancer any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
18. Contact inhibi- a process that stops additional cell growth when cells become crowded; cancer
tion cells are immune to contact inhibition
19. Angiogenesis formation of new blood vessels
20. Metastasize the process by which cancer spreads from one place in the body to another
21. Benign tumor An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body.
22. Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
23. Interphase period of the cell cycle between cell divisions (G1, S, and G2 phase)
24. Mitosis a type of eukaryotic cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the
same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary
tissue growth.
25. Prophase Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms
26. Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
27. Metaphase plate Plane midway between the two poles of the cell where chromosomes line up
during metaphase.
28. Anaphase Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends
of the cell
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