NSG 448 Exam 2 V1 | NSG 448 Evidence-
Based Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG448 Exam 2) | Grand
Canyon University
1. Which of the following best defines Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing?
A. Integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values.
B. The use of tradition and intuition to guide clinical decision-making.
C. Following hospital policies regardless of new research findings.
D. Strictly adhering to physician orders without questioning the rationale.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Evidence-Based Practice is a three-pronged approach involving clinical
expertise, best evidence, and patient preferences. It aims to improve patient outcomes by
moving away from ‘we have always done it this way’ mentalities. This integration ensures
that care is individualized while remaining scientifically sound.
2. A nurse is developing a PICOT question for a capstone project. Which of the following are
recognized components of this format? (Select all that apply)
A. Population of interest
B. Intervention or Area of Interest
C. Comparison intervention or group
,D. Outcome
E. Timeframe
F. Physician approval
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Explanation: The PICOT acronym stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome, and Time. These elements are essential for creating a searchable and answerable
clinical question. Physician approval is not a component of the mnemonic itself, though it
may be necessary for implementation.
3. Which level of evidence is considered the ‘gold standard’ in the hierarchy of evidence for
intervention studies?
A. Level IV: Case-control and cohort studies
B. Level VII: Opinion of authorities or expert committees
C. Level I: Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
D. Level II: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Level I evidence provides the most rigorous synthesis of existing research by
looking across multiple high-quality studies. Systematic reviews reduce bias by using a
standardized method to identify and appraise all relevant research. This level of evidence
provides the strongest basis for clinical practice changes.
, 4. What is the primary purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. To ensure that the research project is profitable for the university.
B. To check for grammatical errors in the student’s capstone paper.
C. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects involved in research.
D. To provide funding for clinical interventions.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The IRB is a committee that reviews research proposals to ensure ethical
standards are met. Its main focus is the protection of human participants from harm and
ensuring informed consent is obtained. Research cannot proceed at most institutions
without IRB approval or an exemption.
5. Which of the following are common barriers to the implementation of EBP in the clinical
setting? (Select all that apply)
A. Lack of time to read research
B. Inadequate access to electronic databases
C. Resistance to change within the organizational culture
D. Strong administrative support
E. Lack of knowledge regarding research appraisal
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Based Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG448 Exam 2) | Grand
Canyon University
1. Which of the following best defines Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing?
A. Integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values.
B. The use of tradition and intuition to guide clinical decision-making.
C. Following hospital policies regardless of new research findings.
D. Strictly adhering to physician orders without questioning the rationale.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Evidence-Based Practice is a three-pronged approach involving clinical
expertise, best evidence, and patient preferences. It aims to improve patient outcomes by
moving away from ‘we have always done it this way’ mentalities. This integration ensures
that care is individualized while remaining scientifically sound.
2. A nurse is developing a PICOT question for a capstone project. Which of the following are
recognized components of this format? (Select all that apply)
A. Population of interest
B. Intervention or Area of Interest
C. Comparison intervention or group
,D. Outcome
E. Timeframe
F. Physician approval
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Explanation: The PICOT acronym stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome, and Time. These elements are essential for creating a searchable and answerable
clinical question. Physician approval is not a component of the mnemonic itself, though it
may be necessary for implementation.
3. Which level of evidence is considered the ‘gold standard’ in the hierarchy of evidence for
intervention studies?
A. Level IV: Case-control and cohort studies
B. Level VII: Opinion of authorities or expert committees
C. Level I: Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
D. Level II: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Level I evidence provides the most rigorous synthesis of existing research by
looking across multiple high-quality studies. Systematic reviews reduce bias by using a
standardized method to identify and appraise all relevant research. This level of evidence
provides the strongest basis for clinical practice changes.
, 4. What is the primary purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. To ensure that the research project is profitable for the university.
B. To check for grammatical errors in the student’s capstone paper.
C. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects involved in research.
D. To provide funding for clinical interventions.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The IRB is a committee that reviews research proposals to ensure ethical
standards are met. Its main focus is the protection of human participants from harm and
ensuring informed consent is obtained. Research cannot proceed at most institutions
without IRB approval or an exemption.
5. Which of the following are common barriers to the implementation of EBP in the clinical
setting? (Select all that apply)
A. Lack of time to read research
B. Inadequate access to electronic databases
C. Resistance to change within the organizational culture
D. Strong administrative support
E. Lack of knowledge regarding research appraisal
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
