Lab Practicum: BIOS252 / BIOS 252 (Latest Update 2026/2027) Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab | Review Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Ch
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Lab Practicum:
BIOS252 / BIOS 252
Anatomy & Physiology II
with Lab
Review Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A
Chamberlain 2026/2027
75 100% 80% 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS PASSING SCORE EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
• Cardiovascular System • Urinary System & Fluid Balance
• Respiratory System • Endocrine & Reproductive Systems
• Digestive System & Metabolism
COVER PAGE - 1
, Section 1: Cardiovascular System
QUESTION 1
A 58-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with crushing substernal chest pain radiating to
his left arm. His ECG shows ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V4. During the cardiac catheterization lab procedure,
the interventional cardiologist asks you to identify the vessel most likely occluded based on the affected myocardial
territory.
A. Left circumflex artery
B. Right coronary artery
C. Left anterior descending artery
D. Posterior descending artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The left anterior descending artery supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular
septum, which corresponds to leads V1-V4 on ECG. The right coronary artery primarily supplies the inferior wall (leads II, III,
aVF), while the left circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall (leads I, aVL, V5-V6).
QUESTION 2
During a gross anatomy lab dissection, you are tracing the path of blood through the heart chambers. Your instructor
asks you to identify the specific structure that prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium
during ventricular systole.
A. Bicuspid valve
B. Pulmonary semilunar valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Aortic semilunar valve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The tricuspid valve, composed of three cusps anchored by chordae tendineae and papillary muscles, prevents regurgitation from
the right ventricle into the right atrium. The bicuspid (mitral) valve performs this function on the left side, while the semilunar
valves prevent backflow into the ventricles from the arterial trunks.
, QUESTION 3
A nursing student is performing a cardiovascular assessment on a 42-year-old female patient. When auscultating at
the fifth intercostal space along the midclavicular line, the student hears the loudest heart sound. Which anatomical
structure is located directly beneath this auscultation point?
A. Pulmonary valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Mitral valve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
The mitral (bicuspid) valve is best auscultated at the fifth intercostal space along the midclavicular line, which is the cardiac apex.
The aortic valve is heard at the second intercostal space right sternal border, the pulmonary valve at the second intercostal space
left sternal border, and the tricuspid valve at the fourth or fifth intercostal space left lower sternal border.
QUESTION 4
In the histology lab, you are examining a slide of cardiac muscle tissue under high magnification. You observe
branching cells with centrally located nuclei and dark-staining transverse lines connecting adjacent cells. Your lab
partner asks you to name the specialized junctions that allow rapid electrical communication between these cardiac
muscle fibers.
A. Tight junctions
B. Desmosomes
C. Gap junctions
D. Hemidesmosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Gap junctions, located within intercalated discs, contain connexon channels that permit the direct passage of ions and electrical
impulses between adjacent cardiac muscle cells, enabling coordinated contraction. Desmosomes provide mechanical adhesion
but do not facilitate electrical communication, while tight junctions and hemidesmosomes are not characteristic features of cardiac
intercalated discs.
, QUESTION 5
A 67-year-old patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy over several years. During a
pathophysiology discussion, your professor asks which of the following best explains the primary hemodynamic
change that initially triggered this compensatory cardiac remodeling.
A. Decreased preload causing ventricular dilation
B. Increased afterload requiring greater force generation
C. Reduced venous return limiting cardiac output
D. Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Chronic hypertension increases systemic vascular resistance, which raises afterload—the pressure the left ventricle must
overcome to eject blood. This increased afterload stimulates myocardial cell hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism.
Decreased preload and reduced venous return would not cause hypertrophy, and decreased vascular resistance would actually
reduce afterload.
QUESTION 6
During a fetal pig dissection in the anatomy lab, you trace the aortic arch and observe three major branches arising
from it. Your instructor asks you to identify the first and most proximal branch that supplies blood to the right side of
the head, neck, and right upper limb.
A. Left common carotid artery
B. Left subclavian artery
C. Brachiocephalic trunk
D. Thyrocervical trunk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery) is the first branch of the aortic arch, bifurcating into the right subclavian artery and
right common carotid artery to supply the right upper limb and right side of the head and neck. The left common carotid and left
subclavian arteries arise directly from the aortic arch as separate branches.
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Lab Practicum:
BIOS252 / BIOS 252
Anatomy & Physiology II
with Lab
Review Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A
Chamberlain 2026/2027
75 100% 80% 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS PASSING SCORE EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
• Cardiovascular System • Urinary System & Fluid Balance
• Respiratory System • Endocrine & Reproductive Systems
• Digestive System & Metabolism
COVER PAGE - 1
, Section 1: Cardiovascular System
QUESTION 1
A 58-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with crushing substernal chest pain radiating to
his left arm. His ECG shows ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V4. During the cardiac catheterization lab procedure,
the interventional cardiologist asks you to identify the vessel most likely occluded based on the affected myocardial
territory.
A. Left circumflex artery
B. Right coronary artery
C. Left anterior descending artery
D. Posterior descending artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The left anterior descending artery supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular
septum, which corresponds to leads V1-V4 on ECG. The right coronary artery primarily supplies the inferior wall (leads II, III,
aVF), while the left circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall (leads I, aVL, V5-V6).
QUESTION 2
During a gross anatomy lab dissection, you are tracing the path of blood through the heart chambers. Your instructor
asks you to identify the specific structure that prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium
during ventricular systole.
A. Bicuspid valve
B. Pulmonary semilunar valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Aortic semilunar valve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The tricuspid valve, composed of three cusps anchored by chordae tendineae and papillary muscles, prevents regurgitation from
the right ventricle into the right atrium. The bicuspid (mitral) valve performs this function on the left side, while the semilunar
valves prevent backflow into the ventricles from the arterial trunks.
, QUESTION 3
A nursing student is performing a cardiovascular assessment on a 42-year-old female patient. When auscultating at
the fifth intercostal space along the midclavicular line, the student hears the loudest heart sound. Which anatomical
structure is located directly beneath this auscultation point?
A. Pulmonary valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Mitral valve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
The mitral (bicuspid) valve is best auscultated at the fifth intercostal space along the midclavicular line, which is the cardiac apex.
The aortic valve is heard at the second intercostal space right sternal border, the pulmonary valve at the second intercostal space
left sternal border, and the tricuspid valve at the fourth or fifth intercostal space left lower sternal border.
QUESTION 4
In the histology lab, you are examining a slide of cardiac muscle tissue under high magnification. You observe
branching cells with centrally located nuclei and dark-staining transverse lines connecting adjacent cells. Your lab
partner asks you to name the specialized junctions that allow rapid electrical communication between these cardiac
muscle fibers.
A. Tight junctions
B. Desmosomes
C. Gap junctions
D. Hemidesmosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Gap junctions, located within intercalated discs, contain connexon channels that permit the direct passage of ions and electrical
impulses between adjacent cardiac muscle cells, enabling coordinated contraction. Desmosomes provide mechanical adhesion
but do not facilitate electrical communication, while tight junctions and hemidesmosomes are not characteristic features of cardiac
intercalated discs.
, QUESTION 5
A 67-year-old patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy over several years. During a
pathophysiology discussion, your professor asks which of the following best explains the primary hemodynamic
change that initially triggered this compensatory cardiac remodeling.
A. Decreased preload causing ventricular dilation
B. Increased afterload requiring greater force generation
C. Reduced venous return limiting cardiac output
D. Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Chronic hypertension increases systemic vascular resistance, which raises afterload—the pressure the left ventricle must
overcome to eject blood. This increased afterload stimulates myocardial cell hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism.
Decreased preload and reduced venous return would not cause hypertrophy, and decreased vascular resistance would actually
reduce afterload.
QUESTION 6
During a fetal pig dissection in the anatomy lab, you trace the aortic arch and observe three major branches arising
from it. Your instructor asks you to identify the first and most proximal branch that supplies blood to the right side of
the head, neck, and right upper limb.
A. Left common carotid artery
B. Left subclavian artery
C. Brachiocephalic trunk
D. Thyrocervical trunk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery) is the first branch of the aortic arch, bifurcating into the right subclavian artery and
right common carotid artery to supply the right upper limb and right side of the head and neck. The left common carotid and left
subclavian arteries arise directly from the aortic arch as separate branches.
