PN 1005 PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM VERIFIED
STUDY GUIDE
Pharmacokinetics - Answers - How the body affects the drug
4 stages of pharmacokinetics - Answers - 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Absorption - Answers - what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it
enters the circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter
the circulating blood, bypassing the many complications of absorption from other routes.
Distribution - Answers - The movement of drug to and from the bloodstream and various
tissues of the body
Pharmacodynamics - Answers - How the drug affects the body
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act - Answers - Class 1: heroin
Class 2: hydromorphone
Class 3: Codeine
Biotransformation (metabolism) - Answers - the process by which drugs are changed
into new, less active chemicals
first pass effect - Answers - a phenomenon in which drugs given orally are carried
directly to the liver after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver
enzymes before they can enter the general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in
higher doses than drugs given by other routes because of this early breakdown
Protein bound drugs - Answers - Affects the distribution of a drug; when the drug is
bound to protein, it is unable to pass through capillary walls; may cause drug toxicity.
when the patient has a lower-than-expected protein level, the distribution of the drug is
altered.
teratogenic - Answers - producing malformations (in the developing embryo)
half-life - Answers - time it takes for the amount of a drugs active substance in your
body is reduced to half.
Loading dose - Answers - use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment
to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner
STUDY GUIDE
Pharmacokinetics - Answers - How the body affects the drug
4 stages of pharmacokinetics - Answers - 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Absorption - Answers - what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it
enters the circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter
the circulating blood, bypassing the many complications of absorption from other routes.
Distribution - Answers - The movement of drug to and from the bloodstream and various
tissues of the body
Pharmacodynamics - Answers - How the drug affects the body
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act - Answers - Class 1: heroin
Class 2: hydromorphone
Class 3: Codeine
Biotransformation (metabolism) - Answers - the process by which drugs are changed
into new, less active chemicals
first pass effect - Answers - a phenomenon in which drugs given orally are carried
directly to the liver after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver
enzymes before they can enter the general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in
higher doses than drugs given by other routes because of this early breakdown
Protein bound drugs - Answers - Affects the distribution of a drug; when the drug is
bound to protein, it is unable to pass through capillary walls; may cause drug toxicity.
when the patient has a lower-than-expected protein level, the distribution of the drug is
altered.
teratogenic - Answers - producing malformations (in the developing embryo)
half-life - Answers - time it takes for the amount of a drugs active substance in your
body is reduced to half.
Loading dose - Answers - use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment
to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner
