NSG 436 Final Exam V3 | NSG 436
Leadership, Ethics, and Policy in Health
Care | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG436
Final Exam) | Grand Canyon University
1. A nurse manager is employing a transformational leadership style. Which action by the
nurse manager best exemplifies this leadership approach?
A. Rewarding staff with a bonus for meeting quarterly safety goals.
B. Using a system of checks and balances to monitor task completion.
C. Inspiring staff to achieve a shared vision of clinical excellence.
D. Maintaining the status quo to ensure unit stability.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating followers
to achieve extraordinary outcomes and develop their own leadership capacity. This style
emphasizes a shared vision and intellectual stimulation rather than transactional rewards
or strict monitoring. By fostering an environment of innovation, the leader helps the team
transcend self-interest for the good of the organization.
2. When considering ethical dilemmas in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which
principles must the nurse balance? Select all that apply.
A. Autonomy
,B. Beneficence
C. Non-maleficence
D. Justice
E. Paternalism
F. Fidelity
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, F
Explanation: Ethical clinical practice requires a balance of autonomy, beneficence, non-
maleficence, justice, and fidelity to ensure the patient’s rights and well-being are protected.
Paternalism is generally avoided in modern healthcare as it overrides the patient’s or
guardian’s right to self-determination. The nurse must navigate these competing principles
to provide the most ethical care possible in complex situations.
3. The nurse is discussing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Which feature
is a primary goal of this legislation?
A. Limiting the number of specialist referrals available to patients.
B. Reducing the focus on preventative care to save costs.
C. Eliminating the need for electronic health records.
D. Increasing access to healthcare services for uninsured populations.
Correct Answer: D
, Explanation: The ACA was designed to expand health insurance coverage to millions of
uninsured Americans through mandates and subsidies. It also aimed to improve healthcare
quality and lower costs by shifting focus toward value-based care. Access to preventative
services is a cornerstone of this policy to reduce long-term chronic disease burdens.
4. A nurse is involved in a conflict with a colleague regarding patient assignments. If the nurse
chooses a ‘compromising’ conflict resolution strategy, which action will occur?
A. The nurse gives in to the colleague’s demands completely.
B. The nurse avoids the colleague to prevent further argument.
C. Both nurses give up something to reach a mutually acceptable solution.
D. One nurse uses power to force a decision on the other.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Compromising involves a ‘middle-ground’ approach where both parties yield
some of their preferences to find a resolution. While it is efficient for reaching a quick
agreement, it may not address the underlying issues as effectively as collaboration. This
strategy is often used when both sides have equal power and goals are moderately
important.
5. In the context of healthcare policy, what is the purpose of the Emergency Medical
Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)?
A. To regulate the licensing of registered nurses across state lines.
B. To provide free long-term care for all elderly citizens.
Leadership, Ethics, and Policy in Health
Care | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG436
Final Exam) | Grand Canyon University
1. A nurse manager is employing a transformational leadership style. Which action by the
nurse manager best exemplifies this leadership approach?
A. Rewarding staff with a bonus for meeting quarterly safety goals.
B. Using a system of checks and balances to monitor task completion.
C. Inspiring staff to achieve a shared vision of clinical excellence.
D. Maintaining the status quo to ensure unit stability.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating followers
to achieve extraordinary outcomes and develop their own leadership capacity. This style
emphasizes a shared vision and intellectual stimulation rather than transactional rewards
or strict monitoring. By fostering an environment of innovation, the leader helps the team
transcend self-interest for the good of the organization.
2. When considering ethical dilemmas in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which
principles must the nurse balance? Select all that apply.
A. Autonomy
,B. Beneficence
C. Non-maleficence
D. Justice
E. Paternalism
F. Fidelity
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, F
Explanation: Ethical clinical practice requires a balance of autonomy, beneficence, non-
maleficence, justice, and fidelity to ensure the patient’s rights and well-being are protected.
Paternalism is generally avoided in modern healthcare as it overrides the patient’s or
guardian’s right to self-determination. The nurse must navigate these competing principles
to provide the most ethical care possible in complex situations.
3. The nurse is discussing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Which feature
is a primary goal of this legislation?
A. Limiting the number of specialist referrals available to patients.
B. Reducing the focus on preventative care to save costs.
C. Eliminating the need for electronic health records.
D. Increasing access to healthcare services for uninsured populations.
Correct Answer: D
, Explanation: The ACA was designed to expand health insurance coverage to millions of
uninsured Americans through mandates and subsidies. It also aimed to improve healthcare
quality and lower costs by shifting focus toward value-based care. Access to preventative
services is a cornerstone of this policy to reduce long-term chronic disease burdens.
4. A nurse is involved in a conflict with a colleague regarding patient assignments. If the nurse
chooses a ‘compromising’ conflict resolution strategy, which action will occur?
A. The nurse gives in to the colleague’s demands completely.
B. The nurse avoids the colleague to prevent further argument.
C. Both nurses give up something to reach a mutually acceptable solution.
D. One nurse uses power to force a decision on the other.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Compromising involves a ‘middle-ground’ approach where both parties yield
some of their preferences to find a resolution. While it is efficient for reaching a quick
agreement, it may not address the underlying issues as effectively as collaboration. This
strategy is often used when both sides have equal power and goals are moderately
important.
5. In the context of healthcare policy, what is the purpose of the Emergency Medical
Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)?
A. To regulate the licensing of registered nurses across state lines.
B. To provide free long-term care for all elderly citizens.
