BIOL 2150 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
The tree of life has 3 main branches - Answers - Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
common ancestor of Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria - Answers - Prokaryotic Cell
oxygen was created by - Answers - photosynthesis
T/F oxygen was in earth when it was first created - Answers - False
bacteria cell - Answers - prokaryotic, contains no nucleus, no membrane bound
organelles, no energy producing organelles
How bacteria get their nutrients? - Answers - Diffusion
Eukaryotic cells have _________ chromosomes - Answers - linear
Bacteria cells have what shape of DNA? - Answers - Single circular chromosomes
(Plasmid DNA)
What limits cell size? - Answers - Surface area to volume ratio!!
Larger cells are less efficient in moving nutrients and wastes across cell membrane
Some bacteria can be ________________! - Answers - Multicellular!
horizontal gene transfer - Answers - Allows bacterial cells to gain beneficial genes from
organisms distributed throughout the bacterial domain and beyond.
,3 types of horizontal gene transfer - Answers - transformation, transduction, conjugation
Can introduce genetic variability
Conjugation - Answers - the temporary union of two bacteria or unicellular organisms for
the exchange of genetic material.
Transformation - Answers - DNA released into the environment by dead cells is taken
up by a recipient cell
Tranduction - Answers - A piece of DNA is transferred into a Bacteria cells by a virus.
, In some cases virus attempts to infect a recipient cell and it does not work, takes up
DNA from virus. Way for DNA from virus to get into a cell and recombination may occur.
Phototrophs - Answers - obtain energy from light
Sun
Chemotrophs - Answers - obtain energy from chemicals
Photoautotrophs - Answers - An organism that harnesses light energy to drive the
synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
ex: plants,algae, cyanobacteria
Chemoautotrophs - Answers - An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon
source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances.
ex: Micro organisms
Photoheterotrophs - Answers - Uses sunlight to make ATP, but relies on organic
molecules obtained from the environment as the source of carbon for growth
ex: Micro organisms
ANSWERS
The tree of life has 3 main branches - Answers - Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
common ancestor of Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria - Answers - Prokaryotic Cell
oxygen was created by - Answers - photosynthesis
T/F oxygen was in earth when it was first created - Answers - False
bacteria cell - Answers - prokaryotic, contains no nucleus, no membrane bound
organelles, no energy producing organelles
How bacteria get their nutrients? - Answers - Diffusion
Eukaryotic cells have _________ chromosomes - Answers - linear
Bacteria cells have what shape of DNA? - Answers - Single circular chromosomes
(Plasmid DNA)
What limits cell size? - Answers - Surface area to volume ratio!!
Larger cells are less efficient in moving nutrients and wastes across cell membrane
Some bacteria can be ________________! - Answers - Multicellular!
horizontal gene transfer - Answers - Allows bacterial cells to gain beneficial genes from
organisms distributed throughout the bacterial domain and beyond.
,3 types of horizontal gene transfer - Answers - transformation, transduction, conjugation
Can introduce genetic variability
Conjugation - Answers - the temporary union of two bacteria or unicellular organisms for
the exchange of genetic material.
Transformation - Answers - DNA released into the environment by dead cells is taken
up by a recipient cell
Tranduction - Answers - A piece of DNA is transferred into a Bacteria cells by a virus.
, In some cases virus attempts to infect a recipient cell and it does not work, takes up
DNA from virus. Way for DNA from virus to get into a cell and recombination may occur.
Phototrophs - Answers - obtain energy from light
Sun
Chemotrophs - Answers - obtain energy from chemicals
Photoautotrophs - Answers - An organism that harnesses light energy to drive the
synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
ex: plants,algae, cyanobacteria
Chemoautotrophs - Answers - An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon
source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances.
ex: Micro organisms
Photoheterotrophs - Answers - Uses sunlight to make ATP, but relies on organic
molecules obtained from the environment as the source of carbon for growth
ex: Micro organisms
