Nursing 310 Final Exam Questions
and Answers All Correct Graded A+
2026 Updated.
Cataracts - Answer -normal change with aging
-primary cause of blindness in older adult
-95% of people over 85 have some opacity
-lens of eye is hard and cloudy
-blurry
Cataracts Contributing Factors - Answer eye injury
long term corticosteroids
extended UV light exposure
radiation
Cataracts S&S - Answer -blurry,cloudy hazy or dim vision
-diminished acuity
-sensitive to bright lights
-decreased night vision
-milky white pupil
*exam by ophthalmologist to diagnose
Cataracts Treatment - Answer -surgery:when cataract interferes with ADL
Pre Op
-facial scrub
-antibiotics oral/eye
-mydriatic/cycloplegic eye drops-dilate and paralyze eye
Surgery:
local anesthesia
-small incision lens is broken and fragments suctioned out
,Post Op
-oral and eye antibiotics
-opthamalic steroids
*immediate improvement*
-eye patch 24 hours
-4-6 weeks at night
-aseptic *
Cataract Surgery Pt Teaching - Answer -do not cough,strain or lift
-clean drainage is normal,aching,if increased drainage,sharp eye pain or deterioration in vision-
provider
-do not drive or activity for 4-6 weeks
-eye drops in lower lid without touching cornea
-glasses during day patch at night
-support person
95% success
*soft lights,night lights,shades during the day,no glossy surfaces,do not drive at night*
Macular Degeneration - Answer -older adults over 90, difficulty with central vision
*NOT total blindess*
-hard to do activities needing close vision
-harden and obstruct retinal arteries,central vision is blurry
Macular Degeneration Types - Answer Involutional: 90% thin macula tissue due to aging
Exudative: rupture back of eye
,Macular Degeneration S&S - Answer -hard close vision
-central vision is blurry distorted or dark
-wavy straight lines
Macular Degeneration Diagnosis - Answer -grid test*
-indirect opthalamoscopy
-fluoresencein angiography
*Involution no treatment
*Exudative laser/photocoagulation
Macular Degeneration Teaching - Answer -low vision optical aids
-magnifying device
-large print books,watches
-teach total blindness will NOT occur
Glaucoma - Answer -high IOP,damage optic nerve
Primary: open angle 90%most common
-closed angle occurs suddenly immediate loss of vision
Secondary: secondary to illness
Incidence: highest in AA
early detection is key
Glaucoma S&S - Answer Open-NO early symptoms
Later-loss of peripheral vision,dull eye pain,headache,halo around light,decreased visual acuity
Angle Closure:
-sudden severe pain
-h/a,n/v
-halos
-blurry
, Glaucoma Diagnostics - Answer -over 35: complete eye exam and measure IOP
-tonometry: normal IOP is 8-20
Glaucoma Treatment - Answer Medications:
-beta block:timolol/betaxolol
*timolol caution in asthma/diabetes
-alpha agonist
-carbonic inibitor
(outflow of aqueous humor)
-pilocarpine
-Xaltan-increase eye lashes
Glaucoma Surgery - Answer -Trabeculoplasty: laser
-Iridectomy: surgically remove piece iris,relive pressure
-Iridotomy: incision to make hole,relieve pressure
*acute angle closure is emergency
*untreated lead to total blindness
*need to take meds for life
Auditory Deficit - Answer Conductive loss-block sound in external/middle ear
Sensorineural loss-damage or loss in inner ear,auditory nerve,brain
Presbycusis: elder hearing
-sensorinureal loss
-both ears
-more common/severe
and Answers All Correct Graded A+
2026 Updated.
Cataracts - Answer -normal change with aging
-primary cause of blindness in older adult
-95% of people over 85 have some opacity
-lens of eye is hard and cloudy
-blurry
Cataracts Contributing Factors - Answer eye injury
long term corticosteroids
extended UV light exposure
radiation
Cataracts S&S - Answer -blurry,cloudy hazy or dim vision
-diminished acuity
-sensitive to bright lights
-decreased night vision
-milky white pupil
*exam by ophthalmologist to diagnose
Cataracts Treatment - Answer -surgery:when cataract interferes with ADL
Pre Op
-facial scrub
-antibiotics oral/eye
-mydriatic/cycloplegic eye drops-dilate and paralyze eye
Surgery:
local anesthesia
-small incision lens is broken and fragments suctioned out
,Post Op
-oral and eye antibiotics
-opthamalic steroids
*immediate improvement*
-eye patch 24 hours
-4-6 weeks at night
-aseptic *
Cataract Surgery Pt Teaching - Answer -do not cough,strain or lift
-clean drainage is normal,aching,if increased drainage,sharp eye pain or deterioration in vision-
provider
-do not drive or activity for 4-6 weeks
-eye drops in lower lid without touching cornea
-glasses during day patch at night
-support person
95% success
*soft lights,night lights,shades during the day,no glossy surfaces,do not drive at night*
Macular Degeneration - Answer -older adults over 90, difficulty with central vision
*NOT total blindess*
-hard to do activities needing close vision
-harden and obstruct retinal arteries,central vision is blurry
Macular Degeneration Types - Answer Involutional: 90% thin macula tissue due to aging
Exudative: rupture back of eye
,Macular Degeneration S&S - Answer -hard close vision
-central vision is blurry distorted or dark
-wavy straight lines
Macular Degeneration Diagnosis - Answer -grid test*
-indirect opthalamoscopy
-fluoresencein angiography
*Involution no treatment
*Exudative laser/photocoagulation
Macular Degeneration Teaching - Answer -low vision optical aids
-magnifying device
-large print books,watches
-teach total blindness will NOT occur
Glaucoma - Answer -high IOP,damage optic nerve
Primary: open angle 90%most common
-closed angle occurs suddenly immediate loss of vision
Secondary: secondary to illness
Incidence: highest in AA
early detection is key
Glaucoma S&S - Answer Open-NO early symptoms
Later-loss of peripheral vision,dull eye pain,headache,halo around light,decreased visual acuity
Angle Closure:
-sudden severe pain
-h/a,n/v
-halos
-blurry
, Glaucoma Diagnostics - Answer -over 35: complete eye exam and measure IOP
-tonometry: normal IOP is 8-20
Glaucoma Treatment - Answer Medications:
-beta block:timolol/betaxolol
*timolol caution in asthma/diabetes
-alpha agonist
-carbonic inibitor
(outflow of aqueous humor)
-pilocarpine
-Xaltan-increase eye lashes
Glaucoma Surgery - Answer -Trabeculoplasty: laser
-Iridectomy: surgically remove piece iris,relive pressure
-Iridotomy: incision to make hole,relieve pressure
*acute angle closure is emergency
*untreated lead to total blindness
*need to take meds for life
Auditory Deficit - Answer Conductive loss-block sound in external/middle ear
Sensorineural loss-damage or loss in inner ear,auditory nerve,brain
Presbycusis: elder hearing
-sensorinureal loss
-both ears
-more common/severe
