NUR 104 EXAM 4 COMPREHENSIVE
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING FINAL REVIEW
STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Alteration of electrolytes with vomiting and diarrhea.
Answer: Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms include vomit and
diarrhea.
hypernatremia can be causes by diarrhea and vomiting
◉ Skin care for a patient with frequent diarrhea stools.
Answer: Apply barrier cream on booty to protect skin.
◉ Purpose of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT).
Answer: To test for blood in the stool.
◉ Procedure for obtaining FOBT.
Answer: Collect stool sample from two separate places in the stool.
Smear on the card. Drop the chemical onto the sample. blue/green =
blood detected.
◉ Effects of stool for a patient taking an iron supplement.
Answer: Turns stool dark green/black.
,◉ Purpose of using a laxative following a radiographic procedure
using barium as Contrast.
Answer: Barium can lead to constipation. Laxative is used to
completely expel the barium from the body.
◉ Purpose of an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).
Answer: Used to examine the upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach
and duodenum) to detect bleeding and ulcers.
◉ Purpose of a colonoscopy.
Answer: Used to examine the colon for polyps, hemorrhoids or
cancer.
biopsies, and polypectomies can be performed
◉ Patient population suggested for colonoscopy screening.
Answer: 45-75 year olds.
40 if family history of cancers
◉ Teaching plan for a patient scheduled for an endoscopic
retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (exam of the liver, gallbladder
, bile ducts, and pancreas.).
Answer: NPO before the procedure.
, Inquire about previous exposure to contrast media and sensitivities
or allergies
Sedation is administered before the procedure.
avoid anticoagulants, aspirin or NSAIDs, for several; days
◉ Procedure of inserting a nasogastric tube.
Answer: Measure from ear to chin to xiphoid process. Chin to neck
position. Have the patient swallow as you place to help move it down
the esophagus.
◉ Positioning of a patient with a nasogastric tube.
Answer: Elevate head 45-90 degrees if possible.
◉ Nursing care for a patient with a nasogastric tube for
decompression.
Answer: Provide nare care, oral care, ensure patency, secure the line.
Use intermittent suction. Administer saline flushes every 8 hours.
Maintain NPO
◉ Difference between patients receiving tube feeding and total
nutrition.
Answer: Tube feeding is for patients with normal bowel function.(
can be used for an extended amount of time)
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING FINAL REVIEW
STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Alteration of electrolytes with vomiting and diarrhea.
Answer: Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms include vomit and
diarrhea.
hypernatremia can be causes by diarrhea and vomiting
◉ Skin care for a patient with frequent diarrhea stools.
Answer: Apply barrier cream on booty to protect skin.
◉ Purpose of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT).
Answer: To test for blood in the stool.
◉ Procedure for obtaining FOBT.
Answer: Collect stool sample from two separate places in the stool.
Smear on the card. Drop the chemical onto the sample. blue/green =
blood detected.
◉ Effects of stool for a patient taking an iron supplement.
Answer: Turns stool dark green/black.
,◉ Purpose of using a laxative following a radiographic procedure
using barium as Contrast.
Answer: Barium can lead to constipation. Laxative is used to
completely expel the barium from the body.
◉ Purpose of an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).
Answer: Used to examine the upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach
and duodenum) to detect bleeding and ulcers.
◉ Purpose of a colonoscopy.
Answer: Used to examine the colon for polyps, hemorrhoids or
cancer.
biopsies, and polypectomies can be performed
◉ Patient population suggested for colonoscopy screening.
Answer: 45-75 year olds.
40 if family history of cancers
◉ Teaching plan for a patient scheduled for an endoscopic
retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (exam of the liver, gallbladder
, bile ducts, and pancreas.).
Answer: NPO before the procedure.
, Inquire about previous exposure to contrast media and sensitivities
or allergies
Sedation is administered before the procedure.
avoid anticoagulants, aspirin or NSAIDs, for several; days
◉ Procedure of inserting a nasogastric tube.
Answer: Measure from ear to chin to xiphoid process. Chin to neck
position. Have the patient swallow as you place to help move it down
the esophagus.
◉ Positioning of a patient with a nasogastric tube.
Answer: Elevate head 45-90 degrees if possible.
◉ Nursing care for a patient with a nasogastric tube for
decompression.
Answer: Provide nare care, oral care, ensure patency, secure the line.
Use intermittent suction. Administer saline flushes every 8 hours.
Maintain NPO
◉ Difference between patients receiving tube feeding and total
nutrition.
Answer: Tube feeding is for patients with normal bowel function.(
can be used for an extended amount of time)
