NUR 104 EXAM 2 HIGH-YIELD FLUIDS AND
ELECTROLYTES, PAIN MANAGEMENT, AND
WOUND CARE SUMMARY 2026
◉ specific gravity.
Answer: the weight or degree of concentration of a substance
compared with an equal volume of water
◉ stoma.
Answer: artificially created opening between a body cavity and the
surface of the body (e.g. a colostomy formed from a portion of the
colon pulled through the abdominal wall)
◉ uremic syndrome.
Answer: a serious complication of chronic kidney disease and acute
kidney injury (also known as acute renal failure). It occurs when
urea and other waste products build up in the body because the
kidneys are unable to eliminate them. These substances can become
poisonous (toxic) to the body if they reach high levels.
◉ urge incontinence.
,Answer: a type of urinary incontinence that results from sudden,
involuntary contraction of the muscles of the urinary bladder,
resulting in an urge to urinate
◉ urinalysis.
Answer: is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of
urine
◉ urinary diversion.
Answer: surgical diversion of the drainage of urine such as a
ureterostomy
◉ urinary frequency.
Answer: the need to urinate more often than usual
◉ urinary incontinence.
Answer: inability to control urination
◉ urinary retention.
Answer: retention of urine in the bladder; condition frequently
caused by a temporary loss of muscle function
◉ urosepsis.
,Answer: organisms in the bloodstream
◉ The Ph of urine is normally?.
Answer: 4.6-8
◉ Abnormal contents found in urine are.
Answer: Fat globules, Red or white blood cells (hematuria)
Bacteria
Crystals
◉ The nurse collecting a urine specimen from a patient knows that
crystals may be in the urine due to which of the following?
A. White blood cells
B. Red blood cells
C. Bacteria
D. Increased pH.
Answer: D. Increased pH
◉ Normal urine output for 24 hours is approximately _____ mL if
intake is normal..
Answer: 1500
, ◉ Urine output of less than _____ mL/hour indicates possible
impending renal failure or marked ECF deficit..
Answer: 30
◉ Green urine can indicate a UTI involving..
Answer: Pseudomonas
◉ Urine with an odor of --------- indicates a problem with renal
function.
Answer: Ammonia
◉ Normal values for urine osmolality.
Answer: 50 to 1,200 mOsm/kg
◉ __________________ is the reflux of urine back to the kidneys, which
can result in atrophy and failure of these organs. Facilitating the
voiding of urine is very important to avoid this outcome..
Answer: Hydronephrosis
◉ ____________ can indicate CHF, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, a
urinary tract infection (UTI), or an enlarged prostate..
Answer: Nocturia
ELECTROLYTES, PAIN MANAGEMENT, AND
WOUND CARE SUMMARY 2026
◉ specific gravity.
Answer: the weight or degree of concentration of a substance
compared with an equal volume of water
◉ stoma.
Answer: artificially created opening between a body cavity and the
surface of the body (e.g. a colostomy formed from a portion of the
colon pulled through the abdominal wall)
◉ uremic syndrome.
Answer: a serious complication of chronic kidney disease and acute
kidney injury (also known as acute renal failure). It occurs when
urea and other waste products build up in the body because the
kidneys are unable to eliminate them. These substances can become
poisonous (toxic) to the body if they reach high levels.
◉ urge incontinence.
,Answer: a type of urinary incontinence that results from sudden,
involuntary contraction of the muscles of the urinary bladder,
resulting in an urge to urinate
◉ urinalysis.
Answer: is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of
urine
◉ urinary diversion.
Answer: surgical diversion of the drainage of urine such as a
ureterostomy
◉ urinary frequency.
Answer: the need to urinate more often than usual
◉ urinary incontinence.
Answer: inability to control urination
◉ urinary retention.
Answer: retention of urine in the bladder; condition frequently
caused by a temporary loss of muscle function
◉ urosepsis.
,Answer: organisms in the bloodstream
◉ The Ph of urine is normally?.
Answer: 4.6-8
◉ Abnormal contents found in urine are.
Answer: Fat globules, Red or white blood cells (hematuria)
Bacteria
Crystals
◉ The nurse collecting a urine specimen from a patient knows that
crystals may be in the urine due to which of the following?
A. White blood cells
B. Red blood cells
C. Bacteria
D. Increased pH.
Answer: D. Increased pH
◉ Normal urine output for 24 hours is approximately _____ mL if
intake is normal..
Answer: 1500
, ◉ Urine output of less than _____ mL/hour indicates possible
impending renal failure or marked ECF deficit..
Answer: 30
◉ Green urine can indicate a UTI involving..
Answer: Pseudomonas
◉ Urine with an odor of --------- indicates a problem with renal
function.
Answer: Ammonia
◉ Normal values for urine osmolality.
Answer: 50 to 1,200 mOsm/kg
◉ __________________ is the reflux of urine back to the kidneys, which
can result in atrophy and failure of these organs. Facilitating the
voiding of urine is very important to avoid this outcome..
Answer: Hydronephrosis
◉ ____________ can indicate CHF, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, a
urinary tract infection (UTI), or an enlarged prostate..
Answer: Nocturia
