HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWER GRADED A+
I. A patient who is on a plant-based diet complains that their skin is appearing to
take on a yellowish color. Which of the following foods would you expect the
patient to have eaten a large amount of?
Carrots
II. Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat
and directed forward, and the palms facing anteriorly
III. Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can lead to
muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning sensation in the
muscles?
Lactic acid
IV. The shoulder is an example of which type of synovial joint?
Ball and socket
V. Which of the following muscles is located towards the outer side of the leg?
Vastus lateralis
VI. Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the
circulatory system?
, Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery,
lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta,
body tissues, vena cava, right atrium
VII. Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs that are
identified using the ABCDE method?
Melanoma
VIII. Where is the popliteal artery located?
Behind the knee
IX. A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be at risk of
____________.
extensive bleeding
X. Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities?
Ulna
XI. Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an abundance of in
leukocytes?
Lysosomes
XII. What is the purpose of gastric mucous?
To protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.
XIII. Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is
stimulated?
, Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion slows down
XIV. The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following
anatomical regions?
Pelvic
XV. Where does digestion begin in the alimentary canal?
Oral cavity
XVI. Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of substances in and
out of the cell?
Cell membrane
XVII. Which of the following glands secrete earwax?
Ceruminous
XVIII. What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur?
The formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow
XIX. Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the urinary
system?
Urethra
XX. What is the function of endocrine glands?
They secrete hormones directly into the blood.
2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWER GRADED A+
I. A patient who is on a plant-based diet complains that their skin is appearing to
take on a yellowish color. Which of the following foods would you expect the
patient to have eaten a large amount of?
Carrots
II. Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat
and directed forward, and the palms facing anteriorly
III. Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can lead to
muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning sensation in the
muscles?
Lactic acid
IV. The shoulder is an example of which type of synovial joint?
Ball and socket
V. Which of the following muscles is located towards the outer side of the leg?
Vastus lateralis
VI. Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the
circulatory system?
, Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery,
lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta,
body tissues, vena cava, right atrium
VII. Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs that are
identified using the ABCDE method?
Melanoma
VIII. Where is the popliteal artery located?
Behind the knee
IX. A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be at risk of
____________.
extensive bleeding
X. Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities?
Ulna
XI. Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an abundance of in
leukocytes?
Lysosomes
XII. What is the purpose of gastric mucous?
To protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.
XIII. Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is
stimulated?
, Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion slows down
XIV. The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following
anatomical regions?
Pelvic
XV. Where does digestion begin in the alimentary canal?
Oral cavity
XVI. Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of substances in and
out of the cell?
Cell membrane
XVII. Which of the following glands secrete earwax?
Ceruminous
XVIII. What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur?
The formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow
XIX. Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the urinary
system?
Urethra
XX. What is the function of endocrine glands?
They secrete hormones directly into the blood.
