CMN 548 MODULE 5 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
hh hh hh hh
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2025
hh hh hh hh hh hh
What hhare hhthe hhtwo hhbasic hhmechanisms hhfor hhstudying hhreceptors? hh- hhcorrectvanswer--
hhMeasurevthe hhbinding hhof hha hhligand hh(radioactively hhtraced)
- Measure hhthe hhphysiologic hhconsequences hhof hhagonist hhbinding hh(and hheffects hhof hhthe hhantagonist)
How hhdo hhdidactic hhdepictions hhof hhneurotransmitter hhsignaling hhdiffervfrom hhreal hhlife? hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer-- hhThere hhare hhhundreds hhto hhthousands hhof hhaxonsvconnecting hhto hhone hhdendrite
- A hhsingle hhtransmitter hhcan hhevoke hhmultiple hhpathways
Pharmacokinetic hhdrug hhinteractions hhare... hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
the hheffects hhof hhdrugs hhon hhthe hhPLASMA hhconcentrations hhof hheach hhother
Pharmacokinetic hhconcepts hhdescribe hhandvpredict... hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
- hhthe hhtime hhcourse hhof hhdrug hhconcentration hhin hhdifferent hhparts hhof hhthe
hhbody
- onset, hhduration, hhabsorption, hhdistribution, hhmetabolism, hhexcretion
Remission hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-- hhPreferred hhoutcome hhof hhtreatment
- Absolute hhscore hhof hh7 hhor hhless hhon hhthevHAMD hh(Hamilton hhdepression) hhscale
- <10 hhon hhthe hhMADRS hh(Montgomery-AsbergvDepressionvRating hhScale)
Responders hhare hhpatients hhwho... hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-improve hhbut hhdo hhnot hhexperience hhfull hhresolution hhof
hhsymptoms
- 50% hhof hhgreater hhdecrease hhfrom hhbaseline hhonvHAMD hhand hhMADRS hhdepression hhratings
What hhis hhthe hhprobability hhof hhremissionvfrom hhOCD hhwith hhSSRI hhtreatment hhover hh3 hhyears hhof
hhtreatment? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-- hh38% hhfull hhremission
- 65% hhpartial hhremission
Withdrawal hhsymptoms hhare hhworse hhwith hhdrugs hhthat hhhave hhthis hhpharmacokinetic hhproperty. hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhShort hhelimination hhhalf hhlife
,Whichvmedications hhare hhmost hhoften hhassociated hhwith hhmentally hhand hhphysically hhdistressing hhdiscontinuation
hhreac hhtions? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-- hhSedative hhhypnotics hhandvopiates
- Barbiturate hh(part hhof hhthe hhsedative hhhypnotic hhclass) hhwithdrawal hhcan hhbevfatal
Whichvbenzodiazepine hhproduces hhmore hhintense hhwithdrawal hhsymptoms hhthat hhit's
hhcounterparts? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-Alprazolam hh(Xanax)
WhichvSSRI hhproduces hhmorevintense hhwithdrawal hhsymptoms hhthat hhit's hhcounterparts? hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhParoxetine hh(Paxil)
Medications hhwith hhthis hhpharmacokinetic hhproperty hhhave hhdelayed hhdiscontinuation hhsymptoms. hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhLong hhelimination hhhalf hhlife
- Fluoxetine hh(Prozac, hhSSRI)vhas hha hhlong hhelimination hhhalf hhlife hhof hhits hhactive hhmetabolite
What hhis hhautoinhibition? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-Dose hhdependent hhinhibition hhof hha hhmedication's hhown hhmetabolism
- Paroxetine hh(Paxil, hhSSRI) hhinhibits hhP450 hhCYP hh2D6 hhwhich hhisvwhat hhmetabolizes hhthe hhmedication
Bupropion hh(Wellbutrin, hhatypical hhantidepressant) hhinhibits hhthis hhenzyme hhsystem hhand hhparoxetine hh(Paxil,
hhSSRI) hhi hhs hhmetabolized hhby hhit. hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-CYP hh2D6
-
Discontinuing hhbupropion hhwould hhresult hhin hha hhrapid hhincrease hhin hhmetabolism hhof hhParoxetine hhand hhdrop hhin
hhplasma hhconcentrations
- Paroxetine hhwould hhneed hhto hhbevincreased
What hheffect hhhave hhsustained hhrelease hhalprazolam, hhparoxetine, hhand hhvenlafaxine hhhadvon hhwithdrawal
hhreactions? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-None.
-
They hhdo hhnotvreduce hhseverity hhof hhwithdrawal hhbecause hhthe hhlong hhhalf hhlife hhis hhdue hhto hhdelayed hhabsorption
hhnot hhprolo hhnged hhelimination
- Only hhbenefit hhis hhthe hhin hhreduced hhdosingvfrequency
Withdrawal hhsymptoms hhpresent hhafter hhhours hhor hhdays hhof hhdose hhreduction hhor hhdiscontinuation hhand hhresolve
hhwithin..
. hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-A hhfew hhweeks
- Persistent hhsymptoms hhwould hhindicate hhsomethingvbesides hhwithdrawal
, -
Psychotic hhand hhmoodvsymptoms hhDOvNOT hhusually hhreappear hhabruptly hhafter hhdiscontinuing hhlong hhterm
hhtreatmen hht
Signal hhdetection hhis hhmore hhchallenging hhfor hhcompounds hhdeveloped hhfor hhpsychiatric hhdisorders
hhbecause.... hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-Theveffect hhsizes hharevnot hhlarge
What hhis hhexpectation hhbias? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
A hhsituation hhwhere hheither hhthe hhstaff hhconducting hhthe hhtrial hhor hhsubjects hhinvthe hhtrial hhor hhboth hhgroups hhexpect
hhthat hhthe hht hhest hhdrug hhwill hhconfer hha hhbenefit hhor hhthat hhit hhis hhunlikely hhto hhdo hhso.
What hheffect hhdoes hhexpectation hhbias hhplay hhonvdrug hhtrials? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
Staff hhmay hhhave hhan hhunconscious hhbias hhtoward hhrating hhmore hhbeneficial hheffects hhthan hhare hhactually hhpresent.
- A hhlarger hhtrial hhmay hhsubsequently hhprovevthatvthere hhis hhno hhdifference hhfrom hhthe hhplacebo.
Explain hhthe hhregression hhto hhmean hhphenomenon hhin hhdrugvtrials. hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
As hhmany hhtrials hhenroll hhpatients hhduring hhan hhexacerbation hhof hhtheir hhillness, hhthe hhphenomenon hhwould hhtend
hhto hhmean hhthat hhfuture hhmeasurements hhwould hhbe hhless hhextreme hheven hhif hhthe hhsubject hhis hhon hha hhplacebo.
CYP hh450vtesting hhto hhpredictvdrug hhdosing hhandvresponsiveness hhis hhone hhexample hhof.... hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhPersonalized hhMedicine
-
Measuring hhpatient hh2D6 hhmetabolism hhcan hhalso hhhelp hhdetermine hhdosing hhof hhfluoxetine hh(Prozac, hhSSRI),
hhav2D6 hhin hhhibitorvwhen hhcombined hhwith hhmedications hhmetabolized hhby hhthe hhsame hhpathway
What hhis hhthe hhethical hhargument hhagain hhwhole hhgenomevsequencing? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
Findingvvariants hhthat hhindicate hhonly hhsusceptibility hhand hhnot hhdefinite hhdisease hhcan hhaltervthe hhway hha hhperson
hhlives hhth hheir hhlife hh(eg. hhschizophrenia)
What hhdoes hhphase hh1 hhof hha hhnonclinical hhstudy hhentail hhand hhwhat hhis hhthe hhgoal? hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhInitial hhintroduction hhof hhthe hhnew hhdrug hhto hhhumans, hhusually hhin hhhealthy
hhvolunteers.
-
Goal hhof hhobtaining hhpharmacokinetic hhand hhpharmacologic hheffects hhof hhthe hhdrug hhin hhorder hhto hhdesign hha
hhvalid hhphase hh2 hhstudy.
hh hh hh hh
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2025
hh hh hh hh hh hh
What hhare hhthe hhtwo hhbasic hhmechanisms hhfor hhstudying hhreceptors? hh- hhcorrectvanswer--
hhMeasurevthe hhbinding hhof hha hhligand hh(radioactively hhtraced)
- Measure hhthe hhphysiologic hhconsequences hhof hhagonist hhbinding hh(and hheffects hhof hhthe hhantagonist)
How hhdo hhdidactic hhdepictions hhof hhneurotransmitter hhsignaling hhdiffervfrom hhreal hhlife? hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer-- hhThere hhare hhhundreds hhto hhthousands hhof hhaxonsvconnecting hhto hhone hhdendrite
- A hhsingle hhtransmitter hhcan hhevoke hhmultiple hhpathways
Pharmacokinetic hhdrug hhinteractions hhare... hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
the hheffects hhof hhdrugs hhon hhthe hhPLASMA hhconcentrations hhof hheach hhother
Pharmacokinetic hhconcepts hhdescribe hhandvpredict... hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
- hhthe hhtime hhcourse hhof hhdrug hhconcentration hhin hhdifferent hhparts hhof hhthe
hhbody
- onset, hhduration, hhabsorption, hhdistribution, hhmetabolism, hhexcretion
Remission hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-- hhPreferred hhoutcome hhof hhtreatment
- Absolute hhscore hhof hh7 hhor hhless hhon hhthevHAMD hh(Hamilton hhdepression) hhscale
- <10 hhon hhthe hhMADRS hh(Montgomery-AsbergvDepressionvRating hhScale)
Responders hhare hhpatients hhwho... hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-improve hhbut hhdo hhnot hhexperience hhfull hhresolution hhof
hhsymptoms
- 50% hhof hhgreater hhdecrease hhfrom hhbaseline hhonvHAMD hhand hhMADRS hhdepression hhratings
What hhis hhthe hhprobability hhof hhremissionvfrom hhOCD hhwith hhSSRI hhtreatment hhover hh3 hhyears hhof
hhtreatment? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-- hh38% hhfull hhremission
- 65% hhpartial hhremission
Withdrawal hhsymptoms hhare hhworse hhwith hhdrugs hhthat hhhave hhthis hhpharmacokinetic hhproperty. hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhShort hhelimination hhhalf hhlife
,Whichvmedications hhare hhmost hhoften hhassociated hhwith hhmentally hhand hhphysically hhdistressing hhdiscontinuation
hhreac hhtions? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-- hhSedative hhhypnotics hhandvopiates
- Barbiturate hh(part hhof hhthe hhsedative hhhypnotic hhclass) hhwithdrawal hhcan hhbevfatal
Whichvbenzodiazepine hhproduces hhmore hhintense hhwithdrawal hhsymptoms hhthat hhit's
hhcounterparts? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-Alprazolam hh(Xanax)
WhichvSSRI hhproduces hhmorevintense hhwithdrawal hhsymptoms hhthat hhit's hhcounterparts? hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhParoxetine hh(Paxil)
Medications hhwith hhthis hhpharmacokinetic hhproperty hhhave hhdelayed hhdiscontinuation hhsymptoms. hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhLong hhelimination hhhalf hhlife
- Fluoxetine hh(Prozac, hhSSRI)vhas hha hhlong hhelimination hhhalf hhlife hhof hhits hhactive hhmetabolite
What hhis hhautoinhibition? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-Dose hhdependent hhinhibition hhof hha hhmedication's hhown hhmetabolism
- Paroxetine hh(Paxil, hhSSRI) hhinhibits hhP450 hhCYP hh2D6 hhwhich hhisvwhat hhmetabolizes hhthe hhmedication
Bupropion hh(Wellbutrin, hhatypical hhantidepressant) hhinhibits hhthis hhenzyme hhsystem hhand hhparoxetine hh(Paxil,
hhSSRI) hhi hhs hhmetabolized hhby hhit. hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-CYP hh2D6
-
Discontinuing hhbupropion hhwould hhresult hhin hha hhrapid hhincrease hhin hhmetabolism hhof hhParoxetine hhand hhdrop hhin
hhplasma hhconcentrations
- Paroxetine hhwould hhneed hhto hhbevincreased
What hheffect hhhave hhsustained hhrelease hhalprazolam, hhparoxetine, hhand hhvenlafaxine hhhadvon hhwithdrawal
hhreactions? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-None.
-
They hhdo hhnotvreduce hhseverity hhof hhwithdrawal hhbecause hhthe hhlong hhhalf hhlife hhis hhdue hhto hhdelayed hhabsorption
hhnot hhprolo hhnged hhelimination
- Only hhbenefit hhis hhthe hhin hhreduced hhdosingvfrequency
Withdrawal hhsymptoms hhpresent hhafter hhhours hhor hhdays hhof hhdose hhreduction hhor hhdiscontinuation hhand hhresolve
hhwithin..
. hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-A hhfew hhweeks
- Persistent hhsymptoms hhwould hhindicate hhsomethingvbesides hhwithdrawal
, -
Psychotic hhand hhmoodvsymptoms hhDOvNOT hhusually hhreappear hhabruptly hhafter hhdiscontinuing hhlong hhterm
hhtreatmen hht
Signal hhdetection hhis hhmore hhchallenging hhfor hhcompounds hhdeveloped hhfor hhpsychiatric hhdisorders
hhbecause.... hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-Theveffect hhsizes hharevnot hhlarge
What hhis hhexpectation hhbias? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
A hhsituation hhwhere hheither hhthe hhstaff hhconducting hhthe hhtrial hhor hhsubjects hhinvthe hhtrial hhor hhboth hhgroups hhexpect
hhthat hhthe hht hhest hhdrug hhwill hhconfer hha hhbenefit hhor hhthat hhit hhis hhunlikely hhto hhdo hhso.
What hheffect hhdoes hhexpectation hhbias hhplay hhonvdrug hhtrials? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
Staff hhmay hhhave hhan hhunconscious hhbias hhtoward hhrating hhmore hhbeneficial hheffects hhthan hhare hhactually hhpresent.
- A hhlarger hhtrial hhmay hhsubsequently hhprovevthatvthere hhis hhno hhdifference hhfrom hhthe hhplacebo.
Explain hhthe hhregression hhto hhmean hhphenomenon hhin hhdrugvtrials. hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
As hhmany hhtrials hhenroll hhpatients hhduring hhan hhexacerbation hhof hhtheir hhillness, hhthe hhphenomenon hhwould hhtend
hhto hhmean hhthat hhfuture hhmeasurements hhwould hhbe hhless hhextreme hheven hhif hhthe hhsubject hhis hhon hha hhplacebo.
CYP hh450vtesting hhto hhpredictvdrug hhdosing hhandvresponsiveness hhis hhone hhexample hhof.... hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhPersonalized hhMedicine
-
Measuring hhpatient hh2D6 hhmetabolism hhcan hhalso hhhelp hhdetermine hhdosing hhof hhfluoxetine hh(Prozac, hhSSRI),
hhav2D6 hhin hhhibitorvwhen hhcombined hhwith hhmedications hhmetabolized hhby hhthe hhsame hhpathway
What hhis hhthe hhethical hhargument hhagain hhwhole hhgenomevsequencing? hh- hhcorrect hhanswer-
Findingvvariants hhthat hhindicate hhonly hhsusceptibility hhand hhnot hhdefinite hhdisease hhcan hhaltervthe hhway hha hhperson
hhlives hhth hheir hhlife hh(eg. hhschizophrenia)
What hhdoes hhphase hh1 hhof hha hhnonclinical hhstudy hhentail hhand hhwhat hhis hhthe hhgoal? hh- hhcorrect
hhanswer- hhInitial hhintroduction hhof hhthe hhnew hhdrug hhto hhhumans, hhusually hhin hhhealthy
hhvolunteers.
-
Goal hhof hhobtaining hhpharmacokinetic hhand hhpharmacologic hheffects hhof hhthe hhdrug hhin hhorder hhto hhdesign hha
hhvalid hhphase hh2 hhstudy.
