NURS 3550: Pharmacology Final Exam
Questions and Answers.
Bethanechol is what type of drug (Agonist/antagonist) - Answer Direct Parasympathetic
Agonist
What are Bethanechol's MOA and effects? - Answer stimulates muscarinic receptors in
smooth muscle, glands and effector organs to mimic the stimulation of the PNS
CNS: miosis, near vision
CVS: decreased HR, vasodilation to GI, decreased BP
Lungs: bronchoconstriction and increased secretions
GI: increased tone, contractility, increases secretions and gastric acid, relaxed sphincters
GU: increased tone, contractility, relaxed trigone and sphincter.
Bethanechol's Therapeutic Indications - Answer 1) Urinary retention
2) GI atony
3) Glaucoma
1) relaxes trigone and sphincters making it easier to urinate
2) increases tone and contractility
3) CNS stimulation
Bethanechol's ADRs - Answer confusion, hypotension, bradycardia, increased salvation and
gastric acid secretion, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rhinitis, sweating and incontinence
Bethanechol's Drug Interactions - Answer beta blockers (d/t bradycardia... check HR), anti-
muscarinic drugs (cancels out effects), antihistamines, and TCAs
Bethanechol's Contraindications - Answer ulcers, intestinal obstructions, recent bowel
surgery, urinary obstruction, asthma, and hyperthyroid conditions.
Atropine is what kind of drug? - Answer General Muscarinic Antagonist
MOA and Effects - Answer MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors and prevents access of Ach to
the receptor so it cannot do it's job.
, Effects: mimics effects of SNS
CNS- SNS stimulation
CVS: increases HR
GI: decreases activity
Eyes: mydriasis
Lungs: bronchoconstriction
GU: decreases activity
Atropine Therapeutic Indications - Answer 1) Pre-anesthetic medication (drys up secretions)
2) produces mydriasis
3) bradycardia (used to increase HR)
4) intestinal hyperactivity
5) overactive bladder
6) antidote to cholinergic crisis
Atropine ADR's - Answer tachycardia, increased BP d/t increased HR, constipation, urinary
retention, xerostomia, anhidrosis, blurred vision and photophobia
Atropine Drug Interactions - Answer drugs that cross react with M-receptors (TCAs,
antihistamines), herbal medications (aloe, sienna), nicotinic antagonists, and neuromuscular
blockers
Atropine Contraindications - Answer acute angle-closure glaucoma, pulmonary conditions,
cardiac conditions, GI conditions, and cautioned in the elderly
Epinephrine is what type of drug? - Answer General Adrenergic Agonist
Epi's MOA and Effects - Answer MOA: binds/stimulates all 4 receptors
Effects: increased HR and contractility, enhanced cardiac function, vasoconstriction to
skin/GI/urinary, vasodilation to vital organs, release of renin to boost BP, relaxes bronchioles,
relaxes uterus, relaxes sphincters and smooth muscle
Epi Therapeutic Indications - Answer 1) anaphylaxis: dilates bronchioles, vasoconstriction,
increases HR
2) MI: improves cardiac function
3) status asthmaticus: opens bronchioles
Questions and Answers.
Bethanechol is what type of drug (Agonist/antagonist) - Answer Direct Parasympathetic
Agonist
What are Bethanechol's MOA and effects? - Answer stimulates muscarinic receptors in
smooth muscle, glands and effector organs to mimic the stimulation of the PNS
CNS: miosis, near vision
CVS: decreased HR, vasodilation to GI, decreased BP
Lungs: bronchoconstriction and increased secretions
GI: increased tone, contractility, increases secretions and gastric acid, relaxed sphincters
GU: increased tone, contractility, relaxed trigone and sphincter.
Bethanechol's Therapeutic Indications - Answer 1) Urinary retention
2) GI atony
3) Glaucoma
1) relaxes trigone and sphincters making it easier to urinate
2) increases tone and contractility
3) CNS stimulation
Bethanechol's ADRs - Answer confusion, hypotension, bradycardia, increased salvation and
gastric acid secretion, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rhinitis, sweating and incontinence
Bethanechol's Drug Interactions - Answer beta blockers (d/t bradycardia... check HR), anti-
muscarinic drugs (cancels out effects), antihistamines, and TCAs
Bethanechol's Contraindications - Answer ulcers, intestinal obstructions, recent bowel
surgery, urinary obstruction, asthma, and hyperthyroid conditions.
Atropine is what kind of drug? - Answer General Muscarinic Antagonist
MOA and Effects - Answer MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors and prevents access of Ach to
the receptor so it cannot do it's job.
, Effects: mimics effects of SNS
CNS- SNS stimulation
CVS: increases HR
GI: decreases activity
Eyes: mydriasis
Lungs: bronchoconstriction
GU: decreases activity
Atropine Therapeutic Indications - Answer 1) Pre-anesthetic medication (drys up secretions)
2) produces mydriasis
3) bradycardia (used to increase HR)
4) intestinal hyperactivity
5) overactive bladder
6) antidote to cholinergic crisis
Atropine ADR's - Answer tachycardia, increased BP d/t increased HR, constipation, urinary
retention, xerostomia, anhidrosis, blurred vision and photophobia
Atropine Drug Interactions - Answer drugs that cross react with M-receptors (TCAs,
antihistamines), herbal medications (aloe, sienna), nicotinic antagonists, and neuromuscular
blockers
Atropine Contraindications - Answer acute angle-closure glaucoma, pulmonary conditions,
cardiac conditions, GI conditions, and cautioned in the elderly
Epinephrine is what type of drug? - Answer General Adrenergic Agonist
Epi's MOA and Effects - Answer MOA: binds/stimulates all 4 receptors
Effects: increased HR and contractility, enhanced cardiac function, vasoconstriction to
skin/GI/urinary, vasodilation to vital organs, release of renin to boost BP, relaxes bronchioles,
relaxes uterus, relaxes sphincters and smooth muscle
Epi Therapeutic Indications - Answer 1) anaphylaxis: dilates bronchioles, vasoconstriction,
increases HR
2) MI: improves cardiac function
3) status asthmaticus: opens bronchioles
