NFDN 2003 Final 6-12 Questions and
All Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
Isotonic - Answer osmolality close to blood plasma - does not cause cell to shrink or swell -
just adds volume Solutions 0.9%NACL (normal saline), Dextrose 5% in water Lactated Ringer's
Hypertonic - Answer Osmolality higher than that of serum (higher salt concentration) causes
the cells to shrink - Dextrose 10% in water, 3% - 5% Sodium Chloride, Dextrose 5% in 0.9% N Cl,
Dextrose 5% in 0.45% NACL , Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringers
Hypotonic - Answer Osmolality lower than that of the serum (lower salt concentration)
Replaces intracellular fluid causing the ells to swell - 0.45% NACL (half Normal Saline)
Review how to calculate drip factor: - Answer total Solution divided by total time to infuse =
ml/hour. - To find drops per minute ml/hour times drop factor and then divide by 60 minutes
gives you gtts (drops per minute)
What would put a client at risk for imbalanced fluid and electrolytes? Dehydration - Answer
Too Much fluid in the body is called? - Answer Hypervolumia
What might develop from hypervolemia? - Answer Too much solution into the body too
quickly
Too little fluid (water) in the body is called? - Answer Hypovolumia
What is the fastest and easiest way to determine fluid balance in the body? - Answer BP &
Pulse and I & O IV's what assessments are needed. Vitals , I & O, Respiratory and Cardio
assessment
Primary IV describe Main line for fluids - Answer
Secondary IV describe: - Answer additional line used to infuse medications piggybacked into
the main line ( must be compatible)
Describe location of 2nd IV? - Answer Must be kept above the primary line in order to infuse
correctly.
, Define infiltration: - Answer fluid that has escaped from vein into the tissue surrounding the
IV cath cool to touch, pale in color, swollen and can be painful
Define phlebitis: - Answer Inflammation of the vein warm and painful
What IV sites are a greater risk for core contamination? - Answer Central lines or central
venous catheters need to do strile technique for all dressing changes and care of lines
What diagnostic tool is used to assess brain stem function? - Answer Glascow Coma Scale
Are narcotics given to clients with head injuries? - Answer No because they can alter the LOC
What type of clients get autonomic dysreflexia? Spinal Cord Injury
Describe autonomic dysreflexia? - Answer Distention of the bowel or retention of urine in the
bladder
What nursing action can eliminate this issue? - Answer Relieveing the retention of the
bladder/ or distention of the bowel
Why are seizures a possibility with head injuries? - Answer Swelling in the Cranium or
electrical disturbance from scar tissue or hematoma
Priority diagnosis for neurosensory alteration is ? - Answer Airway - Breathing - Circulation
What type of tubing needs to be used for the infusion? - Answer Y setup with a filter
What time frame do most infusion reactions happen in? - Answer within 15 minutes
What assessment do we need to do before during and after the infusion? - Answer Vitals -T
Respiratory & Cardio assssment, Skin assessment & I & 0
What is the name given for blood that is self donated? - Answer autologous
What are the steps if a reaction happens: - Answer stop the blood infusion call for help, start
infusing a primary line at the nearest port of the tubing near to the IV cath site of 0.9% and
monitor for further reaction
All Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
Isotonic - Answer osmolality close to blood plasma - does not cause cell to shrink or swell -
just adds volume Solutions 0.9%NACL (normal saline), Dextrose 5% in water Lactated Ringer's
Hypertonic - Answer Osmolality higher than that of serum (higher salt concentration) causes
the cells to shrink - Dextrose 10% in water, 3% - 5% Sodium Chloride, Dextrose 5% in 0.9% N Cl,
Dextrose 5% in 0.45% NACL , Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringers
Hypotonic - Answer Osmolality lower than that of the serum (lower salt concentration)
Replaces intracellular fluid causing the ells to swell - 0.45% NACL (half Normal Saline)
Review how to calculate drip factor: - Answer total Solution divided by total time to infuse =
ml/hour. - To find drops per minute ml/hour times drop factor and then divide by 60 minutes
gives you gtts (drops per minute)
What would put a client at risk for imbalanced fluid and electrolytes? Dehydration - Answer
Too Much fluid in the body is called? - Answer Hypervolumia
What might develop from hypervolemia? - Answer Too much solution into the body too
quickly
Too little fluid (water) in the body is called? - Answer Hypovolumia
What is the fastest and easiest way to determine fluid balance in the body? - Answer BP &
Pulse and I & O IV's what assessments are needed. Vitals , I & O, Respiratory and Cardio
assessment
Primary IV describe Main line for fluids - Answer
Secondary IV describe: - Answer additional line used to infuse medications piggybacked into
the main line ( must be compatible)
Describe location of 2nd IV? - Answer Must be kept above the primary line in order to infuse
correctly.
, Define infiltration: - Answer fluid that has escaped from vein into the tissue surrounding the
IV cath cool to touch, pale in color, swollen and can be painful
Define phlebitis: - Answer Inflammation of the vein warm and painful
What IV sites are a greater risk for core contamination? - Answer Central lines or central
venous catheters need to do strile technique for all dressing changes and care of lines
What diagnostic tool is used to assess brain stem function? - Answer Glascow Coma Scale
Are narcotics given to clients with head injuries? - Answer No because they can alter the LOC
What type of clients get autonomic dysreflexia? Spinal Cord Injury
Describe autonomic dysreflexia? - Answer Distention of the bowel or retention of urine in the
bladder
What nursing action can eliminate this issue? - Answer Relieveing the retention of the
bladder/ or distention of the bowel
Why are seizures a possibility with head injuries? - Answer Swelling in the Cranium or
electrical disturbance from scar tissue or hematoma
Priority diagnosis for neurosensory alteration is ? - Answer Airway - Breathing - Circulation
What type of tubing needs to be used for the infusion? - Answer Y setup with a filter
What time frame do most infusion reactions happen in? - Answer within 15 minutes
What assessment do we need to do before during and after the infusion? - Answer Vitals -T
Respiratory & Cardio assssment, Skin assessment & I & 0
What is the name given for blood that is self donated? - Answer autologous
What are the steps if a reaction happens: - Answer stop the blood infusion call for help, start
infusing a primary line at the nearest port of the tubing near to the IV cath site of 0.9% and
monitor for further reaction
