NSG 527 MIDTERM EXAM 2026/2027
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Question 1: Who founded existential therapy?
A) Fritz Perls and Paul Goodman
B) Rollo May and Irvin Yalom
C) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
D) Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Existential therapy was founded by Rollo May and Irvin Yalom in the United
States, with contributions from Emmy van Deurzen-Smith in the UK. It is based on the
philosophical concern with what it means to be fully human, placing value on self-
awareness and personal freedom in one's fate .
Question 2: What are Yalom's four "givens" of existence?
A) Life, love, happiness, and success
B) Birth, growth, aging, and death
C) Death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness
D) Pain, suffering, joy, and peace
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Yalom identified four ultimate concerns or "givens" of existence: death
,(awareness of inevitability), freedom and responsibility (lack of external structure),
isolation (awareness of absolute isolation), and meaninglessness (search for meaning in
a universe with no inherent meaning) .
Question 3: In existential therapy, what is the primary focus of treatment?
A) Uncovering childhood trauma
B) Modifying irrational beliefs
C) Universal features of the human condition and acceptance of pain
D) Behavioral conditioning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Existential therapy focuses on universal features of the human condition and
the acceptance of pain as an important part of the search for inner peace and
happiness. Anxiety is viewed as an unavoidable part of the human experience .
Question 4: The three modes of "being in the world" in existential therapy include
all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Umwelt (Natural world)
B) Mitwelt (Public world)
C) Eigenwelt (Private world)
D) Überwelt (Ideal world)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The three modes of existence are Umwelt (natural world), Mitwelt (public
world), and Eigenwelt (private world). While some sources mention Überwelt, it is not
one of the primary three modes .
Question 5: According to existential therapy, anxiety arises from:
A) Unresolved childhood conflicts
B) Our personal need to survive, preserve our being, and assert our being
, C) Maladaptive thought patterns
D) Chemical imbalances in the brain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In existential therapy, anxiety arises from our personal need to survive, to
preserve our being, and to assert our being. It can be either normal (an unavoidable part
of the human condition) or neurotic .
Question 6: Who founded Gestalt therapy?
A) Rollo May
B) Fritz Perls and Paul Goodman
C) Michael Hughes
D) Jean Baker Miller
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gestalt therapy was founded by Fritz (Frederick) Perls and Paul Goodman. Its
basic goal is self-support, dealing with awareness, the "here and now," and taking
responsibility for one's own actions while enhancing awareness .
Question 7: What does Gestalt therapy emphasize?
A) Process, not content
B) Content, not process
C) Past experiences, not present moment
D) Future goals, not current awareness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gestalt therapy highlights more process (what is taking place) and not the
content (what is said about it). The stress is on what is happening, considered and felt
right now rather than on what took place, might, could, or should happen .
Question 8: In Gestalt therapy, the "empty chair" technique is used to:
| Wilkes University Questions &
Answers with Verified Rationales |
100% Guarantee Pass - A+ Graded
Question 1: Who founded existential therapy?
A) Fritz Perls and Paul Goodman
B) Rollo May and Irvin Yalom
C) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
D) Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Existential therapy was founded by Rollo May and Irvin Yalom in the United
States, with contributions from Emmy van Deurzen-Smith in the UK. It is based on the
philosophical concern with what it means to be fully human, placing value on self-
awareness and personal freedom in one's fate .
Question 2: What are Yalom's four "givens" of existence?
A) Life, love, happiness, and success
B) Birth, growth, aging, and death
C) Death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness
D) Pain, suffering, joy, and peace
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Yalom identified four ultimate concerns or "givens" of existence: death
,(awareness of inevitability), freedom and responsibility (lack of external structure),
isolation (awareness of absolute isolation), and meaninglessness (search for meaning in
a universe with no inherent meaning) .
Question 3: In existential therapy, what is the primary focus of treatment?
A) Uncovering childhood trauma
B) Modifying irrational beliefs
C) Universal features of the human condition and acceptance of pain
D) Behavioral conditioning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Existential therapy focuses on universal features of the human condition and
the acceptance of pain as an important part of the search for inner peace and
happiness. Anxiety is viewed as an unavoidable part of the human experience .
Question 4: The three modes of "being in the world" in existential therapy include
all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Umwelt (Natural world)
B) Mitwelt (Public world)
C) Eigenwelt (Private world)
D) Überwelt (Ideal world)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The three modes of existence are Umwelt (natural world), Mitwelt (public
world), and Eigenwelt (private world). While some sources mention Überwelt, it is not
one of the primary three modes .
Question 5: According to existential therapy, anxiety arises from:
A) Unresolved childhood conflicts
B) Our personal need to survive, preserve our being, and assert our being
, C) Maladaptive thought patterns
D) Chemical imbalances in the brain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In existential therapy, anxiety arises from our personal need to survive, to
preserve our being, and to assert our being. It can be either normal (an unavoidable part
of the human condition) or neurotic .
Question 6: Who founded Gestalt therapy?
A) Rollo May
B) Fritz Perls and Paul Goodman
C) Michael Hughes
D) Jean Baker Miller
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gestalt therapy was founded by Fritz (Frederick) Perls and Paul Goodman. Its
basic goal is self-support, dealing with awareness, the "here and now," and taking
responsibility for one's own actions while enhancing awareness .
Question 7: What does Gestalt therapy emphasize?
A) Process, not content
B) Content, not process
C) Past experiences, not present moment
D) Future goals, not current awareness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gestalt therapy highlights more process (what is taking place) and not the
content (what is said about it). The stress is on what is happening, considered and felt
right now rather than on what took place, might, could, or should happen .
Question 8: In Gestalt therapy, the "empty chair" technique is used to:
