BIO 223A EXAM 2026 LATEST UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
Temporal lobe - ANSTemporal lobe
(check)
Olfactory sensations are produced when:
Pressure is applied to olfactory cells
Odor molecules enter specialized olfactory cells by active transport
All voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels are closed by a chemical
stimulus
Molecules responsible for odor are transported to the primary olfactory cortex
A molecule binds to receptor proteins on the surface of an olfactory neuron
dendrite - ANSA molecule binds to receptor proteins on the surface of an
olfactory neuron dendrite
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Drugs that block prostaglandin synthesis prevent pain signals from being
initiated in sensory neurons
The crossing of an axon from one side of the body to the other within an
ascending pathway is called decussation
The thalamus is the final relay point for ascending somatosensory information
that will be projected to the primary sensory cortex
The area monitored by a single receptor cell is called its receptive field
The information from a tactile receptor on the left side of the body is transmitted to the
right primary motor cortex in the pre-central gyrus for conscious awareness - ANSThe
,information from a tactile receptor on the left side of the body is transmitted to
the right primary motor cortex in the pre-central gyrus for conscious awareness
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are found at all of the following locations EXCEPT:
Sympathetic ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia
All parasympathetic effectors
In the CNS
Neuromuscular junctions with skeletal muscle - ANSIn the CNS
Olfactory sensory neurons are short-lived and, therefore, replaced frequently. How does
this turnover happen?
A. mitotic division and differentiation of odorants
B. mitotic division and differentiation of basal epithelial cells
C. mitotic division of olfactory sensory neurons
D. mitotic division and differentiation of supporting cells - ANSB. mitotic division and
differentiation of basal epithelial cells
When the tympanic membrane vibrates with the same frequency as the incoming sound
waves it is known as:
A. amplitude.
B. resonance.
C. cycles.
D. hertz.
E. pitch. - ANSB. resonance
*the right combination of frequencies and amplitudes including the tympanic membrane
will begin to vibrate at the same frequency as the sound = RESONANCE
The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acid glutamate is known as:
A. peppery.
B. salty.
C. sweet.
D. sour.
E. umami - ANSE. umami
, A person with damage to this part of the brain (indicated by the arrow) will have normal
acoustic reflexes but will have difficulty performing which of the following functions?
A. interpreting sounds and recognizing a pattern in them
B. directing input from the thalamus to the brainstem
C. sending auditory information to the midbrain
D. directing a variety of motor reflexes to sound - ANSA. interpreting sounds and
recognizing a pattern in them
Which of these is NOT a type of photoreceptor?
A. red cone
B. blue cone
C. green cone
D. yellow cone - ANSD. yellow cone
The following steps occur in rods when they are excited by photons of light. What is the
proper sequence for these steps?
1. Membrane sodium channels close.
2. Increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP.
3. Retinal changes from the 11-cis form to the 11-trans form.
4. The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines.
5. Opsin activates transducin.
6. Opsin activation occurs.
A. 6, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4
B. 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4
C. 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3
D. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2
E. 3, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4 - ANSB. 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4
In order:
1. retinal changes from the 11-cis form to 11-trans form
2. Opsin activation occurs
3. Opsin activates transducin
4. increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP
5. Membrane sodium channels close
6. The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release
declines
Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
Temporal lobe - ANSTemporal lobe
(check)
Olfactory sensations are produced when:
Pressure is applied to olfactory cells
Odor molecules enter specialized olfactory cells by active transport
All voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels are closed by a chemical
stimulus
Molecules responsible for odor are transported to the primary olfactory cortex
A molecule binds to receptor proteins on the surface of an olfactory neuron
dendrite - ANSA molecule binds to receptor proteins on the surface of an
olfactory neuron dendrite
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Drugs that block prostaglandin synthesis prevent pain signals from being
initiated in sensory neurons
The crossing of an axon from one side of the body to the other within an
ascending pathway is called decussation
The thalamus is the final relay point for ascending somatosensory information
that will be projected to the primary sensory cortex
The area monitored by a single receptor cell is called its receptive field
The information from a tactile receptor on the left side of the body is transmitted to the
right primary motor cortex in the pre-central gyrus for conscious awareness - ANSThe
,information from a tactile receptor on the left side of the body is transmitted to
the right primary motor cortex in the pre-central gyrus for conscious awareness
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are found at all of the following locations EXCEPT:
Sympathetic ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia
All parasympathetic effectors
In the CNS
Neuromuscular junctions with skeletal muscle - ANSIn the CNS
Olfactory sensory neurons are short-lived and, therefore, replaced frequently. How does
this turnover happen?
A. mitotic division and differentiation of odorants
B. mitotic division and differentiation of basal epithelial cells
C. mitotic division of olfactory sensory neurons
D. mitotic division and differentiation of supporting cells - ANSB. mitotic division and
differentiation of basal epithelial cells
When the tympanic membrane vibrates with the same frequency as the incoming sound
waves it is known as:
A. amplitude.
B. resonance.
C. cycles.
D. hertz.
E. pitch. - ANSB. resonance
*the right combination of frequencies and amplitudes including the tympanic membrane
will begin to vibrate at the same frequency as the sound = RESONANCE
The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acid glutamate is known as:
A. peppery.
B. salty.
C. sweet.
D. sour.
E. umami - ANSE. umami
, A person with damage to this part of the brain (indicated by the arrow) will have normal
acoustic reflexes but will have difficulty performing which of the following functions?
A. interpreting sounds and recognizing a pattern in them
B. directing input from the thalamus to the brainstem
C. sending auditory information to the midbrain
D. directing a variety of motor reflexes to sound - ANSA. interpreting sounds and
recognizing a pattern in them
Which of these is NOT a type of photoreceptor?
A. red cone
B. blue cone
C. green cone
D. yellow cone - ANSD. yellow cone
The following steps occur in rods when they are excited by photons of light. What is the
proper sequence for these steps?
1. Membrane sodium channels close.
2. Increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP.
3. Retinal changes from the 11-cis form to the 11-trans form.
4. The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines.
5. Opsin activates transducin.
6. Opsin activation occurs.
A. 6, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4
B. 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4
C. 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3
D. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2
E. 3, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4 - ANSB. 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4
In order:
1. retinal changes from the 11-cis form to 11-trans form
2. Opsin activation occurs
3. Opsin activates transducin
4. increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP
5. Membrane sodium channels close
6. The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release
declines
Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?
