ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4
FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS

◉ Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - Clinical Manifestations
Answer: *S/s begin at 2-5. Wheelchair by 7-12. Most dead by 21.


*Muscle weakness beginning in pelvis and shoulder. Clumsy, unable
to keep up with peers.


*Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles


*Cognitive impairments


*Lab findings: Increased CK,
Western blot shows absence of dystrophin


◉ Becker Muscular Dystrophy - Pathogenesis
Answer: *Genetic defect on Xp21 that diminishes the amount of
dystrophin in defective form.

,*Allows anchorage of muscle to cell membrane but impairs long
term functions


◉ Becker Muscular Dystrophy - Clinical Manifestations
Answer: *Manifests later in childhood or adolescence and
progresses more slowly with longer life expectancy


*Muscle weakness, cardiac muscle disease


*Western blot shows altered dystrophin size


◉ Basal ganglia
Answer: Regulates voluntary mvmt and maintain posture. Initiation,
amplitude, and speed of mvmt.


Also important in cognition and emotion


Includes:
i. Caudate nucleus and putamen
ii. Globus palladius
iii. Substantial Nigra
iv. Subthalamic nucleus

, ◉ Corticol-basal ganglionic-thalamic-corticol loop (Basal ganglia)
Answer: Cortex --> corpus striatum --> globus pallidus --> thalamus
--> cortex


BLUE


◉ Substantia nigra - corpus striatum loop (basal ganglia)
Answer: Basal ganglia
GREEN


◉ Globus pallidus - subthalamic nucleus loop (Basal ganglia)
Answer: Basal ganglia
RED


◉ 3 major pathways - Basal ganglia
Answer: *Cortical-basal ganglionic-thalamic-corticol loop


*Substantia nigra - corpus striatum loop


*Globus pallidus - subthalamic nucleus loop