ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT AND
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CARE FINAL
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
◉ Pregnancy causes a lot of physiological changes to a woman's
body, not the least of which is that the growing uterus displaces the
diaphragm and lungs, and that the increased estrogen levels relax
those ligaments in the thoracic cage.
As a result:
Answer: , the costal angle widens, allowing the tidal volume to
actually increase by about 40%.
◉ , there's actually a pretty significant increase in oxygen demand
Answer: Because of the increased blood volume and growing fetus,
◉ there's actually a pretty significant increase in oxygen demand,
and while the depth of respiration (tidal volume) increases, we don't
normally see an increase in the respiratory rate
most women experience an increased awareness of the need to
breathe, which is called
,Answer: physiologic dyspnea.
◉ older adults changes in the respiratory
Answer: thorax becomes less mobile due to some calcification of the
thoracic cartilage, making the aging lung more difficult to inflate.
Additionally, we see decreasing muscle strength and loss of
subcutaneous fat
◉ Subjective respiratory information to collect
Answer: •Respiratory symptoms
•History of respiratory infections
•Smoking history
•Environmental exposure
•Patient-centered care
◉ Assess the immunization status
Answer: can lead to
Pneumonia
•Influenza
•COVID
•Pertussis
, ◉ there may actually be some underlying chronic bronchitis or
reactive airway disease if
Answer: the patient tells you they always need an inhaler and
steroids for their bronchitis every spring
◉ family history too can help us evaluate our patient's potential
risks.
Answer: we know there is higher likelihood of having allergies,
asthma and atopic dermatitis in a patient with a family history of
one or more of those conditions.
Certainly, if there's someone living in the home who has emphysema
or COPD,
it'll be important to ask about exposure to any second-hand smoke.
TB is a reportable, communicable disease, and if there's a family
member who's had it, the patient may have been exposed.
◉ Respiratory Personal and Social Histories target
Answer: •Employment
•Home environment
•Nutritional status
•Exercise tolerance
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CARE FINAL
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
◉ Pregnancy causes a lot of physiological changes to a woman's
body, not the least of which is that the growing uterus displaces the
diaphragm and lungs, and that the increased estrogen levels relax
those ligaments in the thoracic cage.
As a result:
Answer: , the costal angle widens, allowing the tidal volume to
actually increase by about 40%.
◉ , there's actually a pretty significant increase in oxygen demand
Answer: Because of the increased blood volume and growing fetus,
◉ there's actually a pretty significant increase in oxygen demand,
and while the depth of respiration (tidal volume) increases, we don't
normally see an increase in the respiratory rate
most women experience an increased awareness of the need to
breathe, which is called
,Answer: physiologic dyspnea.
◉ older adults changes in the respiratory
Answer: thorax becomes less mobile due to some calcification of the
thoracic cartilage, making the aging lung more difficult to inflate.
Additionally, we see decreasing muscle strength and loss of
subcutaneous fat
◉ Subjective respiratory information to collect
Answer: •Respiratory symptoms
•History of respiratory infections
•Smoking history
•Environmental exposure
•Patient-centered care
◉ Assess the immunization status
Answer: can lead to
Pneumonia
•Influenza
•COVID
•Pertussis
, ◉ there may actually be some underlying chronic bronchitis or
reactive airway disease if
Answer: the patient tells you they always need an inhaler and
steroids for their bronchitis every spring
◉ family history too can help us evaluate our patient's potential
risks.
Answer: we know there is higher likelihood of having allergies,
asthma and atopic dermatitis in a patient with a family history of
one or more of those conditions.
Certainly, if there's someone living in the home who has emphysema
or COPD,
it'll be important to ask about exposure to any second-hand smoke.
TB is a reportable, communicable disease, and if there's a family
member who's had it, the patient may have been exposed.
◉ Respiratory Personal and Social Histories target
Answer: •Employment
•Home environment
•Nutritional status
•Exercise tolerance
