RESPIRATORY HESI PREP UPDATED ACTUAL
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Bronchioles.
Answer: Connect the bronchi to the alveoli of the lungs, Bronchioles
have a layer of smooth muscle which allows bronchoconstriction
and bronchodilation, regulating the amount of air reaching the
alveoli.
◉ Bronchi.
Answer: Receive inspired air from the trachea and move it into the
bronchioles.
◉ Diaphragm.
Answer: Skeletal muscle associated with quiet (normal) breathing
that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
◉ Epiglottis.
Answer: A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is
depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.
◉ Glottis.
,Answer: The part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the
opening between them. It affects voice modulation through
expansion or contraction.
◉ Larynx.
Answer: The larynx is a hollow structure connected to the top of the
trachea and is the passage through which inspired air moves into the
bronchi of the lungs.
◉ Nasal cavity.
Answer: The nasal cavity has a defined role in filtering and
humidifying air for presentation to the lower airway.
◉ Pharynx.
Answer: Throat, In the respiratory system, it receives air from the
nose or the mouth and then moves the air past the epiglottis into the
larynx. In the digestive system, it receives food from the mouth and
moves it into the esophagus.
◉ Pleura.
Answer: Serous double membrane that protects the lungs.
◉ Trachea.
, Answer: Large tube reinforced by cartilage rings that keep it from
collapsing. Connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs.
◉ Ventilation.
Answer: Is the movement of respiratory gases between the
atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs → consist of two cyclic
phases: inspiration & expiration.
◉ Cellular respiration.
Answer: The use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by the
cells.
◉ Upper respiratory system.
Answer: Consists of the nose and nasal cavity, the sinus, pharynx,
and the portion of the larynx above the vocal cords.
◉ Lower respiratory system.
Answer: Consists of the portion of the larynx including the vocal
cords and below, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and alveoli.
◉ Conchae.
Answer: Bony protuberances in the nasal cavity that create
turbulent flow of air to warm it and provide more contact with the
nasal mucosa.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Bronchioles.
Answer: Connect the bronchi to the alveoli of the lungs, Bronchioles
have a layer of smooth muscle which allows bronchoconstriction
and bronchodilation, regulating the amount of air reaching the
alveoli.
◉ Bronchi.
Answer: Receive inspired air from the trachea and move it into the
bronchioles.
◉ Diaphragm.
Answer: Skeletal muscle associated with quiet (normal) breathing
that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
◉ Epiglottis.
Answer: A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is
depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.
◉ Glottis.
,Answer: The part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the
opening between them. It affects voice modulation through
expansion or contraction.
◉ Larynx.
Answer: The larynx is a hollow structure connected to the top of the
trachea and is the passage through which inspired air moves into the
bronchi of the lungs.
◉ Nasal cavity.
Answer: The nasal cavity has a defined role in filtering and
humidifying air for presentation to the lower airway.
◉ Pharynx.
Answer: Throat, In the respiratory system, it receives air from the
nose or the mouth and then moves the air past the epiglottis into the
larynx. In the digestive system, it receives food from the mouth and
moves it into the esophagus.
◉ Pleura.
Answer: Serous double membrane that protects the lungs.
◉ Trachea.
, Answer: Large tube reinforced by cartilage rings that keep it from
collapsing. Connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs.
◉ Ventilation.
Answer: Is the movement of respiratory gases between the
atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs → consist of two cyclic
phases: inspiration & expiration.
◉ Cellular respiration.
Answer: The use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by the
cells.
◉ Upper respiratory system.
Answer: Consists of the nose and nasal cavity, the sinus, pharynx,
and the portion of the larynx above the vocal cords.
◉ Lower respiratory system.
Answer: Consists of the portion of the larynx including the vocal
cords and below, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and alveoli.
◉ Conchae.
Answer: Bony protuberances in the nasal cavity that create
turbulent flow of air to warm it and provide more contact with the
nasal mucosa.
