ADULT DEVELOPMENT AND AGING
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE
●● How does ageism relate to stereotypes of aging?
Answer: Myths of aging lead to negative stereotypes of older people,
which can result in ageism, a form of discrimination against older people
simply because of their age
●● What is the life-span perspective?
Answer: The live-span perspective divides human development into two
phases: an early phase (childhood and adolescence) and a later phase
(young adulthood, middle age, and old age). There are our key features
of the life-span perspective: multidirectionality, plasticity, historical
context, and multiple causation.
●● What are the characteristics of the older adult population?
Answer: The number of older adults in the United States and other
industrialized countries is increasing rapidly because of better health
care, including declines in mortality during childbirth. The large
numbers of older adults have important implications for human services.
The number of older Latino, Asian American, and Native American
adults will increase much faster between now and 2050 than will the
number of European American and African American older adults.
, Whether older adults reflect individualism or collectivism has
implications for intervention. The increase in numbers o older adults is
most rapid in developing countries.
●● What four main forces shape development?
Answer: Development is shaped by four forces. Biological forces
include all genetic and health-related factors. Psychological forces
include all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality
factors. Sociocultural forces include interpersonal, societal, cultural, and
ethnic factors. Life-cycle forces reflect difference in how the same event
or combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces
affects people at different points in their lives.
●● What are normative age-graded influences?
Answer: Normative age-graded influences are life experiences that are
highly related to chronological age.
●● What are normative history-graded influences?
Answer: Normative history-graded influences are events that most
people in a specific culture experience at the same time.
●● What are nonnormative influences?
Answer: Nonnormative influences are events that may be important for a
specific individual but are not experienced by most people.
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE
●● How does ageism relate to stereotypes of aging?
Answer: Myths of aging lead to negative stereotypes of older people,
which can result in ageism, a form of discrimination against older people
simply because of their age
●● What is the life-span perspective?
Answer: The live-span perspective divides human development into two
phases: an early phase (childhood and adolescence) and a later phase
(young adulthood, middle age, and old age). There are our key features
of the life-span perspective: multidirectionality, plasticity, historical
context, and multiple causation.
●● What are the characteristics of the older adult population?
Answer: The number of older adults in the United States and other
industrialized countries is increasing rapidly because of better health
care, including declines in mortality during childbirth. The large
numbers of older adults have important implications for human services.
The number of older Latino, Asian American, and Native American
adults will increase much faster between now and 2050 than will the
number of European American and African American older adults.
, Whether older adults reflect individualism or collectivism has
implications for intervention. The increase in numbers o older adults is
most rapid in developing countries.
●● What four main forces shape development?
Answer: Development is shaped by four forces. Biological forces
include all genetic and health-related factors. Psychological forces
include all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality
factors. Sociocultural forces include interpersonal, societal, cultural, and
ethnic factors. Life-cycle forces reflect difference in how the same event
or combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces
affects people at different points in their lives.
●● What are normative age-graded influences?
Answer: Normative age-graded influences are life experiences that are
highly related to chronological age.
●● What are normative history-graded influences?
Answer: Normative history-graded influences are events that most
people in a specific culture experience at the same time.
●● What are nonnormative influences?
Answer: Nonnormative influences are events that may be important for a
specific individual but are not experienced by most people.
