PN HESI PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 3 SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY SHEET FULL
PRACTICE SET
◉ Reproductive / Hormonal Drugs.
Answer: Oral Contraceptives (Combined Estrogen-Progestin Pills),
Oxytocin (Pitocin), Tamoxifen, Oral Contraceptives (Combined
Estrogen-Progestin)
◉ Ophthalmic / Otic Drugs.
Answer: Ophthalmic Drugs — General Administration, Ear (Otic)
Drug Administration, Glaucoma Medications: Timolol / Latanoprost
/ Dorzolamide / Pilocarpine, Eye Drop Administration — General
Technique, Ear Drop Administration
◉ Drug Toxicity / Antidotes Reference.
Answer: Key Drug Antidotes — Must Memorize
◉ Endocrine Drugs.
Answer: Sulfonylureas: Glipizide / Glyburide / Glimepiride, GLP-1
Agonists: Semaglutide (Ozempic) / Liraglutide (Victoza) /
Dulaglutide (Trulicity), SGLT-2 Inhibitors: Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
,/ Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) / Canagliflozin (Invokana), DPP-4
Inhibitors: Sitagliptin (Januvia) / Saxagliptin (Onglyza) / Linagliptin
(Tradjenta), Levothyroxine (Synthroid), Methimazole / PTU
(Propylthiouracil), + 2 more
◉ Drug Antidotes — Master Reference.
Answer: Complete Antidote Reference — Must Memorize All
◉ Master Strategy — Every Pharm Question.
Answer: Identify the drug class from the name
◉ Suffix Clues.
Answer: -olol = beta-blocker, -pril = ACE inhibitor, -sartan = ARB, -
statin = statin, -prazole = PPI, -azepam = benzo, -cillin = penicillin, -
floxacin = fluoroquinolone, -mycin = macrolide or aminoglycoside, -
mab = monoclonal antibody.
◉ Mechanism Effects.
Answer: What does the mechanism DO? Trace the mechanism to the
effect: blocks dopamine = EPS risk. Blocks ACh = dry, retention,
confusion. Blocks K+ channel = prolongs QT. Inhibits COX = GI bleed.
Inhibits renal reabsorption = electrolyte loss.
◉ Pre-Administration Checks.
,Answer: What do you CHECK before giving? Digoxin: apical HR x60 +
K+. Opioids: RR. Beta-blockers: HR + BP. Anticoagulants: INR/aPTT.
Insulin: blood glucose. IV K+: urine output. Mg2+: DTRs + RR.
Epoetin: Hgb. Lithium: lithium level.
◉ When to Hold Drugs.
Answer: When do you HOLD the drug? Digoxin: HR <60 or >100.
Opioids: RR <12. Beta-blockers: HR <60 or SBP <90.
Antihypertensives: SBP <90. IV K+: urine output <30 mL/hr.
Epoetin: Hgb >12. NTG: SBP <90 or recent PDE5 inhibitor.
◉ Antidotes.
Answer: What is the ANTIDOTE? Opioids = Narcan. Benzos =
Flumazenil. Heparin = Protamine sulfate. Warfarin = Vitamin K
(slow) or FFP (fast). Digoxin = Digibind. Tylenol = NAC. TCAs =
Sodium bicarb. Mg2+ = Calcium gluconate. Factor Xa DOACs =
Andexanet alfa. Dabigatran = Idarucizumab.
◉ Patient Teaching.
Answer: What do you TEACH the patient? Expected side effects (so
they don't stop the drug unnecessarily). Dangerous signs (when to
call MD). Timing and food interactions. Never stop abruptly (beta-
blockers, steroids, SSRIs, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, clonidine,
baclofen).
, ◉ Drug-Food Interactions.
Answer: Grapefruit + CCBs/statins/cyclosporine = toxicity. Tyramine
+ MAOIs = hypertensive crisis. Alcohol + Flagyl = disulfiram reaction.
High protein + levodopa = reduced absorption. Vitamin K + warfarin
= must be consistent. Dairy/Ca/antacids +
tetracyclines/fluoroquinolones = reduced absorption.
◉ -olol.
Answer: Beta-blocker
◉ -pril.
Answer: ACE inhibitor
◉ -sartan.
Answer: ARB
◉ -dipine.
Answer: Dihydropyridine CCB
◉ -statin.
Answer: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
◉ -parin.
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY SHEET FULL
PRACTICE SET
◉ Reproductive / Hormonal Drugs.
Answer: Oral Contraceptives (Combined Estrogen-Progestin Pills),
Oxytocin (Pitocin), Tamoxifen, Oral Contraceptives (Combined
Estrogen-Progestin)
◉ Ophthalmic / Otic Drugs.
Answer: Ophthalmic Drugs — General Administration, Ear (Otic)
Drug Administration, Glaucoma Medications: Timolol / Latanoprost
/ Dorzolamide / Pilocarpine, Eye Drop Administration — General
Technique, Ear Drop Administration
◉ Drug Toxicity / Antidotes Reference.
Answer: Key Drug Antidotes — Must Memorize
◉ Endocrine Drugs.
Answer: Sulfonylureas: Glipizide / Glyburide / Glimepiride, GLP-1
Agonists: Semaglutide (Ozempic) / Liraglutide (Victoza) /
Dulaglutide (Trulicity), SGLT-2 Inhibitors: Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
,/ Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) / Canagliflozin (Invokana), DPP-4
Inhibitors: Sitagliptin (Januvia) / Saxagliptin (Onglyza) / Linagliptin
(Tradjenta), Levothyroxine (Synthroid), Methimazole / PTU
(Propylthiouracil), + 2 more
◉ Drug Antidotes — Master Reference.
Answer: Complete Antidote Reference — Must Memorize All
◉ Master Strategy — Every Pharm Question.
Answer: Identify the drug class from the name
◉ Suffix Clues.
Answer: -olol = beta-blocker, -pril = ACE inhibitor, -sartan = ARB, -
statin = statin, -prazole = PPI, -azepam = benzo, -cillin = penicillin, -
floxacin = fluoroquinolone, -mycin = macrolide or aminoglycoside, -
mab = monoclonal antibody.
◉ Mechanism Effects.
Answer: What does the mechanism DO? Trace the mechanism to the
effect: blocks dopamine = EPS risk. Blocks ACh = dry, retention,
confusion. Blocks K+ channel = prolongs QT. Inhibits COX = GI bleed.
Inhibits renal reabsorption = electrolyte loss.
◉ Pre-Administration Checks.
,Answer: What do you CHECK before giving? Digoxin: apical HR x60 +
K+. Opioids: RR. Beta-blockers: HR + BP. Anticoagulants: INR/aPTT.
Insulin: blood glucose. IV K+: urine output. Mg2+: DTRs + RR.
Epoetin: Hgb. Lithium: lithium level.
◉ When to Hold Drugs.
Answer: When do you HOLD the drug? Digoxin: HR <60 or >100.
Opioids: RR <12. Beta-blockers: HR <60 or SBP <90.
Antihypertensives: SBP <90. IV K+: urine output <30 mL/hr.
Epoetin: Hgb >12. NTG: SBP <90 or recent PDE5 inhibitor.
◉ Antidotes.
Answer: What is the ANTIDOTE? Opioids = Narcan. Benzos =
Flumazenil. Heparin = Protamine sulfate. Warfarin = Vitamin K
(slow) or FFP (fast). Digoxin = Digibind. Tylenol = NAC. TCAs =
Sodium bicarb. Mg2+ = Calcium gluconate. Factor Xa DOACs =
Andexanet alfa. Dabigatran = Idarucizumab.
◉ Patient Teaching.
Answer: What do you TEACH the patient? Expected side effects (so
they don't stop the drug unnecessarily). Dangerous signs (when to
call MD). Timing and food interactions. Never stop abruptly (beta-
blockers, steroids, SSRIs, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, clonidine,
baclofen).
, ◉ Drug-Food Interactions.
Answer: Grapefruit + CCBs/statins/cyclosporine = toxicity. Tyramine
+ MAOIs = hypertensive crisis. Alcohol + Flagyl = disulfiram reaction.
High protein + levodopa = reduced absorption. Vitamin K + warfarin
= must be consistent. Dairy/Ca/antacids +
tetracyclines/fluoroquinolones = reduced absorption.
◉ -olol.
Answer: Beta-blocker
◉ -pril.
Answer: ACE inhibitor
◉ -sartan.
Answer: ARB
◉ -dipine.
Answer: Dihydropyridine CCB
◉ -statin.
Answer: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
◉ -parin.
