NR 226 Exam 2
Chapter 14: Older Adults - ANSWER ✔✔Over the age of 65- many
adults in their 70s consider themselves middle-aged
everyone ages at their own rates- lots of variation in the age group
Presbyopia - ANSWER ✔✔vision loss due to aging
pupils are smaller and react slower
presbycusis - ANSWER ✔✔age related hearing loss- affects the
ability to hear high pitched sounds and conversational speech
affects more men than women
,Delirium - ANSWER ✔✔Acute confusional state- a potentially
reversible cognitive impairment that can be caused from electrolyte
imbalances, untreated pain, infection, cerebral anoxia, hypoglycemia,
medication effects, tumors, subdural hematoma, and brain bleed or
hemorrhage- can also accompany pneumonia or a UTI- also can be
from sleep deprivation
is a medical emergency
Dementia - ANSWER ✔✔Generalized impairment of intellectual
functioning
gradual, progressive, and irreversible cerebral dysfunction
-Alzheimer's is a form
Depression - ANSWER ✔✔A mood disturbance characterized by
feelings of sadness and despair
most common yet is most untreated and undetected impairment in older
adulthood
,can be acute or chronic
Health - ANSWER ✔✔Heart disease is the leading cause of death in
older adults, next is cancer, chronic lung disease, and stroke
COPD caused by tobacco smoke causes progression
*hypertension and pain are not normal signs of aging
Restorative Care - ANSWER ✔✔Care for adults is either for
continuing recovery from acute illness or addressing chronic conditions
that affect daily functioning
the goal is to regain or improve prior level of independence, and ADLs
Chapter 43: Sleep - ANSWER ✔✔some patients have preexisting
sleep disturbances and others develop sleep problems as a result of an
illness or hospitalization
Circadian Rhythms (diurnal) - ANSWER ✔✔day-night cycle-
controlled by the hypothalamus
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3
, the biological rhythm of sleep frequently becomes synchronized with
other body functions
affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines
circadian cycle controls body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure,
hormone secretions, sensory acuity, and mood predictable changes
sleeping promotes healing and regulates metabolism
Stages of the Adult Sleep Cycle - ANSWER ✔✔1. Presleep: the
person is aware only of a gradually developing sleepiness- normally
lasts 10 to 30 minutes (can last hours in person with difficulty sleeping)
Once asleep, normally pass through 4 or 5 complete sleep cycles per
night- each consist of 4 stages of NREM and a period of REM- a cycle
lasts 90 to 100 minutes
Chapter 14: Older Adults - ANSWER ✔✔Over the age of 65- many
adults in their 70s consider themselves middle-aged
everyone ages at their own rates- lots of variation in the age group
Presbyopia - ANSWER ✔✔vision loss due to aging
pupils are smaller and react slower
presbycusis - ANSWER ✔✔age related hearing loss- affects the
ability to hear high pitched sounds and conversational speech
affects more men than women
,Delirium - ANSWER ✔✔Acute confusional state- a potentially
reversible cognitive impairment that can be caused from electrolyte
imbalances, untreated pain, infection, cerebral anoxia, hypoglycemia,
medication effects, tumors, subdural hematoma, and brain bleed or
hemorrhage- can also accompany pneumonia or a UTI- also can be
from sleep deprivation
is a medical emergency
Dementia - ANSWER ✔✔Generalized impairment of intellectual
functioning
gradual, progressive, and irreversible cerebral dysfunction
-Alzheimer's is a form
Depression - ANSWER ✔✔A mood disturbance characterized by
feelings of sadness and despair
most common yet is most untreated and undetected impairment in older
adulthood
,can be acute or chronic
Health - ANSWER ✔✔Heart disease is the leading cause of death in
older adults, next is cancer, chronic lung disease, and stroke
COPD caused by tobacco smoke causes progression
*hypertension and pain are not normal signs of aging
Restorative Care - ANSWER ✔✔Care for adults is either for
continuing recovery from acute illness or addressing chronic conditions
that affect daily functioning
the goal is to regain or improve prior level of independence, and ADLs
Chapter 43: Sleep - ANSWER ✔✔some patients have preexisting
sleep disturbances and others develop sleep problems as a result of an
illness or hospitalization
Circadian Rhythms (diurnal) - ANSWER ✔✔day-night cycle-
controlled by the hypothalamus
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, the biological rhythm of sleep frequently becomes synchronized with
other body functions
affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines
circadian cycle controls body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure,
hormone secretions, sensory acuity, and mood predictable changes
sleeping promotes healing and regulates metabolism
Stages of the Adult Sleep Cycle - ANSWER ✔✔1. Presleep: the
person is aware only of a gradually developing sleepiness- normally
lasts 10 to 30 minutes (can last hours in person with difficulty sleeping)
Once asleep, normally pass through 4 or 5 complete sleep cycles per
night- each consist of 4 stages of NREM and a period of REM- a cycle
lasts 90 to 100 minutes
