NURSl 5315/l NURS5315l Examl 2l (NEWl
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl
Guidel |l Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l UTA
QUESTION
Whichl antibodiesl andl antigensl dol eachl bloodl typel have
Answer:
Al hasl Al antigenl andl Bl antibodiesl
Bl hasl Bl antigenl andl Al antibodiesl
ABl hasl ABl antigens,l andl nol antibodiesl
Ol hasl nol antigens,l butl Al andl Bl antibodies
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel etiology,l incubation,l andl model ofl transmissionl forl influenza
Answer:
Comesl froml onel ofl threel types-l A,l B,l C
Transmittedl vial aerosol
Incubationl isl 1-4l daysl (usuallyl 2)
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel etiology,l incubation,l andl model ofl transmissionl forl measles
Answer:
Initiall infectionl andl virall replicationl occurl locallyl inl tracheall andl bronchiall epitheliall
cells.l Afterl 2-4l days,l locall lymphaticl tissuesl arel infected.l Virusl isl disseminatedl tol
variousl organs,l andl rashl appears.l
Transmittedl byl respiratoryl droplets,l eitherl airbornel orl onl surfacesl upl tol 2l hoursl
Incubatedl 7-14l daysl (averagel 10-12l days)
,QUESTION
Whatl isl thel etiology,l incubation,l andl model ofl transmissionl forl HIV
Answer:
Virusl entersl bloodstreaml andl beginsl seekingl outl thel CD4l (T-helperl cells).l Thel virusl
fusesl tol CD4l cellsl andl integratesl withl host'sl DNA.l Morel CD4l cellsl becomel infected,l
andl eventuallyl rupture.l Overalll CD4l countl isl reduced,l leavingl patientl susceptiblel tol
opportunistl infections.l
Transmittedl vial bodilyl fluids-bloodl borne.l
Incubatesl asl longl asl 10l yearsl inl untreatedl individuals.l
QUESTION
Discussl somel clinicall implicationsl ofl solidl organl transplantl rejection
Answer:
rejectionl isl anl immunel response,l mostlyl T-celll mediated.l Slowl process,l Typel 4l
hypersensitivity
Patientsl arel highlyl susceptiblel tol infectionsl r/tl usel ofl immunosuppressants
QUESTION
Describel thel rolel ofl HLAl inl solidl organl rejections
Answer:
HLAl isl typedl andl matchedl onl donorl andl recipientl tol decreasel riskl ofl rejection
HLAl isl targetedl responsel forl rejection
QUESTION
clinicall manifestationsl ofl influenza
Answer:
fever,l sorel throat,l myalgias,l headache,l nasall discharge,l weaknessl andl severel fatigue,l
coughl andl otherl respiratoryl symptoms,l tachycardia,l red,l wateryl eyes,l pharyngitis
, QUESTION
clinicall implicationsl ofl influenza
Answer:
preventionl isl key-l vaccinatel atl 6+l months,l annual
diagnosedl byl rapidl swab
treatl withl antivirals-l Tamiflu
QUESTION
clinicall manifestationsl ofl measles
Answer:
feverl >104,l lastsl 4-7l days,l malaise,l anorexia,l 3c's-l conjunctivitis,l cough,l coryzal
(inflammationl ofl mucousl membranel ofl nose),l photophobia,l periorbitall edema,l myalgias,l
Koplikl spotsl (bluish-grayl specksl onl redl base,l onl buccall mucosa),l rash-l beginsl atl
hairline,l spreadsl inl 48l hours
QUESTION
Clinicall implicationsl ofl measeles
Answer:
Onel ofl mostl contagiousl infectiousl diseases,l lastsl 7-10l days
Educatel parentsl onl importancel ofl vaccination
Immunel globulinl canl bel administeredl withinl 6l daysl ofl exposure
Canl bel fatall forl HIVl patients
Immunocompromisedl mayl havel nol rash
Needl serologicl testingl perl CDC
Txl isl supportive-l rehydration,l Vitl A
QUESTION
Antiretrovirall medications
Answer:
Usedl tol impedel virall replicationl ofl HIVl virus,l comel inl 6l classes
1.l Nucleosidel reversel transcriptasel inhibitors
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl
Guidel |l Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l UTA
QUESTION
Whichl antibodiesl andl antigensl dol eachl bloodl typel have
Answer:
Al hasl Al antigenl andl Bl antibodiesl
Bl hasl Bl antigenl andl Al antibodiesl
ABl hasl ABl antigens,l andl nol antibodiesl
Ol hasl nol antigens,l butl Al andl Bl antibodies
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel etiology,l incubation,l andl model ofl transmissionl forl influenza
Answer:
Comesl froml onel ofl threel types-l A,l B,l C
Transmittedl vial aerosol
Incubationl isl 1-4l daysl (usuallyl 2)
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel etiology,l incubation,l andl model ofl transmissionl forl measles
Answer:
Initiall infectionl andl virall replicationl occurl locallyl inl tracheall andl bronchiall epitheliall
cells.l Afterl 2-4l days,l locall lymphaticl tissuesl arel infected.l Virusl isl disseminatedl tol
variousl organs,l andl rashl appears.l
Transmittedl byl respiratoryl droplets,l eitherl airbornel orl onl surfacesl upl tol 2l hoursl
Incubatedl 7-14l daysl (averagel 10-12l days)
,QUESTION
Whatl isl thel etiology,l incubation,l andl model ofl transmissionl forl HIV
Answer:
Virusl entersl bloodstreaml andl beginsl seekingl outl thel CD4l (T-helperl cells).l Thel virusl
fusesl tol CD4l cellsl andl integratesl withl host'sl DNA.l Morel CD4l cellsl becomel infected,l
andl eventuallyl rupture.l Overalll CD4l countl isl reduced,l leavingl patientl susceptiblel tol
opportunistl infections.l
Transmittedl vial bodilyl fluids-bloodl borne.l
Incubatesl asl longl asl 10l yearsl inl untreatedl individuals.l
QUESTION
Discussl somel clinicall implicationsl ofl solidl organl transplantl rejection
Answer:
rejectionl isl anl immunel response,l mostlyl T-celll mediated.l Slowl process,l Typel 4l
hypersensitivity
Patientsl arel highlyl susceptiblel tol infectionsl r/tl usel ofl immunosuppressants
QUESTION
Describel thel rolel ofl HLAl inl solidl organl rejections
Answer:
HLAl isl typedl andl matchedl onl donorl andl recipientl tol decreasel riskl ofl rejection
HLAl isl targetedl responsel forl rejection
QUESTION
clinicall manifestationsl ofl influenza
Answer:
fever,l sorel throat,l myalgias,l headache,l nasall discharge,l weaknessl andl severel fatigue,l
coughl andl otherl respiratoryl symptoms,l tachycardia,l red,l wateryl eyes,l pharyngitis
, QUESTION
clinicall implicationsl ofl influenza
Answer:
preventionl isl key-l vaccinatel atl 6+l months,l annual
diagnosedl byl rapidl swab
treatl withl antivirals-l Tamiflu
QUESTION
clinicall manifestationsl ofl measles
Answer:
feverl >104,l lastsl 4-7l days,l malaise,l anorexia,l 3c's-l conjunctivitis,l cough,l coryzal
(inflammationl ofl mucousl membranel ofl nose),l photophobia,l periorbitall edema,l myalgias,l
Koplikl spotsl (bluish-grayl specksl onl redl base,l onl buccall mucosa),l rash-l beginsl atl
hairline,l spreadsl inl 48l hours
QUESTION
Clinicall implicationsl ofl measeles
Answer:
Onel ofl mostl contagiousl infectiousl diseases,l lastsl 7-10l days
Educatel parentsl onl importancel ofl vaccination
Immunel globulinl canl bel administeredl withinl 6l daysl ofl exposure
Canl bel fatall forl HIVl patients
Immunocompromisedl mayl havel nol rash
Needl serologicl testingl perl CDC
Txl isl supportive-l rehydration,l Vitl A
QUESTION
Antiretrovirall medications
Answer:
Usedl tol impedel virall replicationl ofl HIVl virus,l comel inl 6l classes
1.l Nucleosidel reversel transcriptasel inhibitors
