NURS 5315/ NURS5315 Final Exam (NEW 2026 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Guide | Questions & Answers | Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- UTA

NURSl 5315/l NURS5315l Finall Examl
(NEWl 2026l Update)l Advancedl
Pathophysiologyl Guidel |l Questionsl &l
Answersl |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l UTA

QUESTION
Explainl thel etiology,l pathophysiology,l andl manifestationsl ofl polycysticl kidneyl disease

Answer:
Etiology:l Autosomall dominant

Pathophysiology:l Polycystine-epitheliuml createsl cysts-obstructl renall parenchyma

Manifestations:l Progressionl tol CKD



QUESTION
Explainl thel etiology,l pathophysiology,l andl manifestationsl ofl hematologicl uremicl
syndrome

Answer:
Etiology:l Hemolyticl uremicl syndrome
*mostl commonl causel ofl communityl acquiredl AKIl inl kids.l
El colil 157l toxin:l shiga

Pathophysiology:l Abdominall pain,l bloodyl diarrhea,l fever,l macroangiopathicl hemolyticl
anemial (schistocytes),l thrombocytopenia,l systemicl microvascularl clots-clogl glumeruli

Manifestations:l Progressionl tol CKD--ESRD

,QUESTION
Explainl thel etiology,l pathophysiology,l andl manifestationsl ofl prostatel hypertrophy

Answer:
Etiology:l Obstructionl ofl thel urethra

Pathophysiology:l Overdistentionl ofl thel bladder-hydronephrosis

Manifestations:l Overflowl incontinence,l frequency,l UTI.l
Rarel AKIl orl CKD



QUESTION
Whatl organsl makel upl thel upperl GIl tract?

Answer:
Mouth/orall cavity,l pharynx,l esophagus,l stomach,l duodenum.l



QUESTION
Whatl organsl makel upl thel lowerl GIl tract?

Answer:
Smalll intestines,l largel intestine,l colon



QUESTION
Whatl arel thel fourl basicl actionsl ofl thel GIl system?

Answer:
Digestion,l absorption,l motility,l andl secretion.l



QUESTION
Whatl isl al sphincter?

Answer:

,Musclel thatl aidsl inl closingl offl thel differentl compartmentsl andl helpsl promotel absorptionl
ofl nutrientsl andl motilityl ofl food.l



QUESTION
Whatl sphinctersl arel foundl inl thel GIl tract?

Answer:
Esophageall sphincter:l separatesl esophageall andl stomach.l
Pyloricl sphincter:l separatesl thel stomachl andl smalll intestine.l
Ileocecall sphincter:l separatesl smalll intestinesl andl largel intestines;l peoplel withl largel
intestinel resectionsl losel thisl valvel andl losel abilityl tol properlyl absorbl nutrientsl andl
fluid.l



QUESTION
Wherel doesl mostl digestionl andl absorptionl takel place?

Answer:
Smalll intestine



QUESTION
Whatl enzymesl arel containedl inl saliva?

Answer:
Amylasel andl lysosome



QUESTION
Whatl doesl gastricl inhibitoryl peptidel (GIP)l do?

Answer:
Stimulatesl thel releasel ofl insulinl froml betal cellsl inl thel pancreas,l maintainsl bloodl sugarl
afterl eating.l

, QUESTION
Whatl doesl glucagonl -likel peptidel 1l (GLP1)l do?

Answer:
Stimulatesl pancreaticl glucose-dependentl insulinl secretion.l



QUESTION
Explainl thel GIl circulationl anatomyl andl physiology.l
(ARTERIAL)

Answer:
Arteriall bloodl supply:l
Celiacl arteryl suppliesl
Hepaticl arteryl (Liver)
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas

Superiorl mesentericl arteryl supplies
Pancreas
Smalll intestine
Colon

Inferiorl mesentericl arteryl supplies
Colon



QUESTION
Explainl thel GIl circulationl anatomyl andl physiology.l (VENOUS)

Answer:
Bloodl flowsl thrul gutl tol hepaticl circulationl vial thel Hepaticl Portall Veinl tol thel liverl tol
thel hepaticl veinsl tol thel inferiorl venal cava
Liver:
Majorityl ofl bloodl froml abdomenl runtsl thrul 3l veinsl (hepaticl portall vein,l splenicl vein,l
andl mesentericl veins)