THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COUNSELING
AND PSYCHOTHERAPY CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS SET FULL QUESTIONS
AND COMPLETE SOLUTION
●● Personal integration
Answer: A framework for counseling that Corey recommends: he
suggests that we take concepts and techniques from different approaches
and come up with a synthesis that makes sense, with a caveat against
amassing a hodge-podge of pieces merely because they support our
biases.
●● Theoretical Pluralism
Answer: You don't have to pick just one theory as the "right" theory. It is
valid to entertain using more than one theory in your practice, in an
integrative approach, especially in the light of the fact that your clients
will come from diverse backgrounds and circumstances.
●● How best to go about personal synthesis or integration of counseling
approaches?
Answer: First get an overview of different approaches, then hone in on
one particular approach in depth. This way of integrating takes a lot of
time (years) and effort (i.e., in depth research and reading).
,●● Contemporary Counseling Models: Psychodynamic Approaches
Answer: 1. Psychoanalytic therapy
2. Adlerian therapy
●● Contemporary Counseling Models: Experiential and Relationship-
Oriented Therapies
Answer: 1. Existential therapy
2. Person-centered therapy
3. Gestalt therapy
●● Contemporary Counseling Models: Cognitive Behavioral
Approaches
Answer: 1. Behavioral Therapy
2. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
3. Choice Theory/Reality Therapy
●● Contemporary Counseling Models: Systems and Postmodern
Approaches
Answer: 1. Feminist Therapy
2. Postmodern Approaches
3. Family Systems Therapy
●● Psychoanalytic therapy
, Answer: Sigmund Freud's therapeutic approach focusing on unconscious
factors that motivate behavior.
●● Adlerian therapy
Answer: Alfred Adler's analytic perspective that stresses assuming
responsibility, creating one's own destiny, and finding meaning and goals
to create a purposeful life. (Rudolf Dreikurs popularized it in the U.S.)
●● Existential Approach
Answer: Frankl, May, & Yalom.
Reacting against the tendency to view therapy as a system of well-
defined techniques, this model stresses building therapy on the basic
conditions of human existence, such as choice, the freedom and
responsibility to shape one's life, and self-determination. It focuses on
the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic relationship.
●● Person-centered therapy
Answer: Carl Rogers' approach developed during the 1940s as a
nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis. Rooted in a humanistic
philosophy, it places emphasis on the basic attitudes of the therapist and
the importance of the quality of the client-therapist relationship. It
assumes that clients have the capacity for self-direction without active
intervention and direction on the therapist's part
●● Gestalt Therapy
AND PSYCHOTHERAPY CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS SET FULL QUESTIONS
AND COMPLETE SOLUTION
●● Personal integration
Answer: A framework for counseling that Corey recommends: he
suggests that we take concepts and techniques from different approaches
and come up with a synthesis that makes sense, with a caveat against
amassing a hodge-podge of pieces merely because they support our
biases.
●● Theoretical Pluralism
Answer: You don't have to pick just one theory as the "right" theory. It is
valid to entertain using more than one theory in your practice, in an
integrative approach, especially in the light of the fact that your clients
will come from diverse backgrounds and circumstances.
●● How best to go about personal synthesis or integration of counseling
approaches?
Answer: First get an overview of different approaches, then hone in on
one particular approach in depth. This way of integrating takes a lot of
time (years) and effort (i.e., in depth research and reading).
,●● Contemporary Counseling Models: Psychodynamic Approaches
Answer: 1. Psychoanalytic therapy
2. Adlerian therapy
●● Contemporary Counseling Models: Experiential and Relationship-
Oriented Therapies
Answer: 1. Existential therapy
2. Person-centered therapy
3. Gestalt therapy
●● Contemporary Counseling Models: Cognitive Behavioral
Approaches
Answer: 1. Behavioral Therapy
2. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
3. Choice Theory/Reality Therapy
●● Contemporary Counseling Models: Systems and Postmodern
Approaches
Answer: 1. Feminist Therapy
2. Postmodern Approaches
3. Family Systems Therapy
●● Psychoanalytic therapy
, Answer: Sigmund Freud's therapeutic approach focusing on unconscious
factors that motivate behavior.
●● Adlerian therapy
Answer: Alfred Adler's analytic perspective that stresses assuming
responsibility, creating one's own destiny, and finding meaning and goals
to create a purposeful life. (Rudolf Dreikurs popularized it in the U.S.)
●● Existential Approach
Answer: Frankl, May, & Yalom.
Reacting against the tendency to view therapy as a system of well-
defined techniques, this model stresses building therapy on the basic
conditions of human existence, such as choice, the freedom and
responsibility to shape one's life, and self-determination. It focuses on
the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic relationship.
●● Person-centered therapy
Answer: Carl Rogers' approach developed during the 1940s as a
nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis. Rooted in a humanistic
philosophy, it places emphasis on the basic attitudes of the therapist and
the importance of the quality of the client-therapist relationship. It
assumes that clients have the capacity for self-direction without active
intervention and direction on the therapist's part
●● Gestalt Therapy
