ESRM 304 Final Exam QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Nominal - CORRECT ANSWER unordered, mutually exclusive, qualitative
Ordinal - CORRECT ANSWER ordered, mutually exclusive, qualitative
Discrete - CORRECT ANSWER numeric, finite number of possible values
Continuous - CORRECT ANSWER numeric, can take any value
Unpaired t-test - CORRECT ANSWER 2 independent groups
Paired t-test - CORRECT ANSWER 2 groups with paired samples
Pearson correlation - CORRECT ANSWER 2 varriables
ANOVA - CORRECT ANSWER 3 or more groups
Variation - CORRECT ANSWER dispersion within a sampe
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER standardizes covariance by the variance of each varriable
Quality control - CORRECT ANSWER checking datasets prior to analysis
Shannon-wiener index - CORRECT ANSWER incorporates abundace and evenness
Simpson's index - CORRECT ANSWER measures dominance
O horizon - CORRECT ANSWER surface litter, organic, no clay, high OM matter
, A horizon - CORRECT ANSWER top soil, mineral, some clay, medium OM matter
E horizon - CORRECT ANSWER zone of leaching, mineral zone of loss, less clay, less OM
matter
B horizon - CORRECT ANSWER subsoil, zone of clay accumulation, more clay, low OM
matter
C horizon - CORRECT ANSWER parent material, some clay, low to no OM matter
Sand - CORRECT ANSWER .05-2mm
Silt - CORRECT ANSWER 0.002-0.05mm
Clay - CORRECT ANSWER <0.002mm
Cation exchange capactiy - CORRECT ANSWER measures capacity of soil to hold positively
charged ions that allows for capacity to contain nutrients (e.g. K+, Mg2+)
Bulk density - CORRECT ANSWER metric of soil compaction or density estimated as the
mass of dry soil divided by volume
Reach - CORRECT ANSWER designated stretch of stream for monitoring or measurement
Riparian areas - CORRECT ANSWER transition zones b/w fully aquatic and upland habitats
Hyporheic zones - CORRECT ANSWER subsurface regions beneath/beside streams or rivers,
where groundwater and surface water mix
Thalweg - CORRECT ANSWER longitudinal path of a stream connecting the deepest part of
the channel
CORRECT ANSWERS
Nominal - CORRECT ANSWER unordered, mutually exclusive, qualitative
Ordinal - CORRECT ANSWER ordered, mutually exclusive, qualitative
Discrete - CORRECT ANSWER numeric, finite number of possible values
Continuous - CORRECT ANSWER numeric, can take any value
Unpaired t-test - CORRECT ANSWER 2 independent groups
Paired t-test - CORRECT ANSWER 2 groups with paired samples
Pearson correlation - CORRECT ANSWER 2 varriables
ANOVA - CORRECT ANSWER 3 or more groups
Variation - CORRECT ANSWER dispersion within a sampe
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER standardizes covariance by the variance of each varriable
Quality control - CORRECT ANSWER checking datasets prior to analysis
Shannon-wiener index - CORRECT ANSWER incorporates abundace and evenness
Simpson's index - CORRECT ANSWER measures dominance
O horizon - CORRECT ANSWER surface litter, organic, no clay, high OM matter
, A horizon - CORRECT ANSWER top soil, mineral, some clay, medium OM matter
E horizon - CORRECT ANSWER zone of leaching, mineral zone of loss, less clay, less OM
matter
B horizon - CORRECT ANSWER subsoil, zone of clay accumulation, more clay, low OM
matter
C horizon - CORRECT ANSWER parent material, some clay, low to no OM matter
Sand - CORRECT ANSWER .05-2mm
Silt - CORRECT ANSWER 0.002-0.05mm
Clay - CORRECT ANSWER <0.002mm
Cation exchange capactiy - CORRECT ANSWER measures capacity of soil to hold positively
charged ions that allows for capacity to contain nutrients (e.g. K+, Mg2+)
Bulk density - CORRECT ANSWER metric of soil compaction or density estimated as the
mass of dry soil divided by volume
Reach - CORRECT ANSWER designated stretch of stream for monitoring or measurement
Riparian areas - CORRECT ANSWER transition zones b/w fully aquatic and upland habitats
Hyporheic zones - CORRECT ANSWER subsurface regions beneath/beside streams or rivers,
where groundwater and surface water mix
Thalweg - CORRECT ANSWER longitudinal path of a stream connecting the deepest part of
the channel
