PRAXIS II ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS
CONTENT KNOWLEDGE CERTIFIED STUDY
DOSSIER 2026 VERIFIED SOLUTIONS PACK
● Concepts About Print. Answer: The way students learn "how books
work" - cover, back, right side up, turning pages, print versus pictures,
directionality of print; best learned when read aloud to and
words/pictures pointed to; students will imitate reader's behavior and
pretend to read
● Sight Vocabulary. Answer: Words that a reader recognizes without
having to sound them out (decode)
● Phoneme. Answer: Smallest unit of sound in language
● Grapheme. Answer: A written representation of a sound using one or
more letters.
● Phonemic Awareness. Answer: The understanding that spoken words
are made up of individual sounds called phonemes; ability to manipulate
large units of oral language-words, syllables, onsets, rimes, phonemes
,● Decoding. Answer: Applying knowledge of letter-sound relationships,
including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written
words; "Sound out" words
● Phonics. Answer: Ability to make the correct association between the
sounds and the symbols of a language. (Graphophonic Relationships)
● Analogy-based Phonics. Answer: Students use their knowledge of
word families to identify new words that contain the same word part (ex:
reads "hat" using prior knowledge of /-at/ from "cat", "sat" and "mat")
● Word Analysis. Answer: The process readers use to figure out
unfamiliar words based on written pattern and comparing new words
with known words
● Letter-sound Correspondence. Answer: The matching of an oral
sound to its corresponding letter or group of letters.
● Auditory Discrimination. Answer: The ability to hear phonetic
likenesses and differences in phonemes and words.
● Syllabication. Answer: Forming or dividing words into syllables; the
ability to conceptualize and separate words into their basic pronunciation
components
, ● Rhyming. Answer: When two words have or end with a sound that
corresponds to another, ex: Balloon and Moon
● Segmenting and Blending. Answer: Breaking down a word into
syllables or phonemes and then putting back together; , Sound out, blend
together C-A-T CAT
● Alphabetic Principle. Answer: An understanding that letters and letter
patterns represent the sounds of spoken words.
● Social Interaction. Answer: As an important element of emergent
literacy: how students interact with and are supported by adults and
peers
● Language Acquisition. Answer: The process by which humans
acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to
produce and use words and sentences to communicate; Chomsky's
concept of an innate, prewired mechanism in the brain that allows
children to acquire language naturally
● Prior Knowledge (Schema). Answer: When readers use relevant prior
knowledge or experience to make connections to the text they are
reading, i.e. -try to make sense out of what they read by seeing how it
fits with what they already know; increases comprehension
CONTENT KNOWLEDGE CERTIFIED STUDY
DOSSIER 2026 VERIFIED SOLUTIONS PACK
● Concepts About Print. Answer: The way students learn "how books
work" - cover, back, right side up, turning pages, print versus pictures,
directionality of print; best learned when read aloud to and
words/pictures pointed to; students will imitate reader's behavior and
pretend to read
● Sight Vocabulary. Answer: Words that a reader recognizes without
having to sound them out (decode)
● Phoneme. Answer: Smallest unit of sound in language
● Grapheme. Answer: A written representation of a sound using one or
more letters.
● Phonemic Awareness. Answer: The understanding that spoken words
are made up of individual sounds called phonemes; ability to manipulate
large units of oral language-words, syllables, onsets, rimes, phonemes
,● Decoding. Answer: Applying knowledge of letter-sound relationships,
including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written
words; "Sound out" words
● Phonics. Answer: Ability to make the correct association between the
sounds and the symbols of a language. (Graphophonic Relationships)
● Analogy-based Phonics. Answer: Students use their knowledge of
word families to identify new words that contain the same word part (ex:
reads "hat" using prior knowledge of /-at/ from "cat", "sat" and "mat")
● Word Analysis. Answer: The process readers use to figure out
unfamiliar words based on written pattern and comparing new words
with known words
● Letter-sound Correspondence. Answer: The matching of an oral
sound to its corresponding letter or group of letters.
● Auditory Discrimination. Answer: The ability to hear phonetic
likenesses and differences in phonemes and words.
● Syllabication. Answer: Forming or dividing words into syllables; the
ability to conceptualize and separate words into their basic pronunciation
components
, ● Rhyming. Answer: When two words have or end with a sound that
corresponds to another, ex: Balloon and Moon
● Segmenting and Blending. Answer: Breaking down a word into
syllables or phonemes and then putting back together; , Sound out, blend
together C-A-T CAT
● Alphabetic Principle. Answer: An understanding that letters and letter
patterns represent the sounds of spoken words.
● Social Interaction. Answer: As an important element of emergent
literacy: how students interact with and are supported by adults and
peers
● Language Acquisition. Answer: The process by which humans
acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to
produce and use words and sentences to communicate; Chomsky's
concept of an innate, prewired mechanism in the brain that allows
children to acquire language naturally
● Prior Knowledge (Schema). Answer: When readers use relevant prior
knowledge or experience to make connections to the text they are
reading, i.e. -try to make sense out of what they read by seeing how it
fits with what they already know; increases comprehension
