______ dysarthria is associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways
and motor units
ANSWER
Flaccid
______ dysarthria is associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neurons
ANSWER
Spastic
_______ dysarthria is associated with disorders of the cerebellum
ANSWER
Ataxic
______ dysarthria is associated with disorders of the basal ganglia
ANSWER
Hypokinetic OR hyperkinetic
________ dysarthria is associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron sys-
tem
ANSWER
Unilateral upper motor neuron
Which of the following are not symptoms of dysarthria? (choose all that apply)
Consistent error patterns
1
,Groping for articulatory postures
Prosodic deficits
Articulatory deficits
Muscle weakness
Language processing deficits
ANSWER
Groping for articulatory postures + Language processing deficits
______ dysarthria is characterized by hypernasality
continuous breathiness, diplophonia, audible inspiration or stridor, nasal emissions, impre-
cise alternating motion rates (AMRs)
ANSWER
flaccid
_____ dysarthria can be accompanied by tongue fasciculations
ANSWER
flaccid
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by slow rate, strained or harsh voice quality, pitch
breaks, slow and regular AMRs (papapa, tatata, kakaka)
ANSWER
spastic
hyperactive gag reflex can be a sign of _____ dysarthria
ANSWER
spastic
2
,_____ dysarthria is often accompanied by excess and equal stress, irregular articulatory
breakdowns, distorted vowels, irregular AMRs (papapa, tatata, kakaka), excessive loudness
variation, and slurring of syllables
ANSWER
ataxic
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by monopitch
monoloudness, normal speech rate or tendency for rapid or accelerated speech rate, inap-
propriate silences, rapidly repeated phonemes, palilalia (automatic repetition of own words
or phrases)
ANSWER
Hypokinetic
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by masked facial expression, tremulous jaw, lips,
tongue, reduced range of motion on AMR tasks, resting tremor, rigidity
ANSWER
Hypokinetic
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by sudden forced inspiration or expiration, transient
breathiness, transient vocal strain or harshness, voice stoppages/arrests, voice tremor, inter-
mittent hypernasality, deterioration with increased rate, intermittent breathy or aphonic
segments, distorted vowels, excessive loudness variation, slow and irregular AMRs
ANSWER
Hyperkinetic
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by myoclonus (sudden and involuntary jerking) of
palate, pharynx, larynx, lips, nares, tongue, or respiratory muscles and involuntary head, jaw,
face, tongue, velar, laryngeal, and respiratory movements
ANSWER
Hyperkinetic
3
, ______ dysarthria is often accompanied by unilateral lower-face weakness, unilateral lingual
weakness without atrophy or fasciculations, nonverbal oral apraxia
ANSWER
Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron
Wernicke's aphasia - where is lesion in the brain?
- which lobe?
- posterior or anterior?
- superior or inferior?
ANSWER
Posterior superior region of the left temporal lobe
The _______ is designed to elevate the larynx and open the esophagus during the swallow
to prevent food/liquid from falling into the airway.
A) Effortful swallow
B) Mendelsohn maneuver
C) Shaker
D) Masako
E) Supraglottic swallow
F) Super-supraglottic swallow
ANSWER
B) Mendelsohn maneuver
The _______ is known to increase orolingual pressure, increase pressure in the upper phar-
ynx, and improve tongue base retraction. It also increases the duration of laryngeal vestibule
closure, hyoid maximum anterior excursion, upper esophageal sphincter opening, and total
swallow time
A) Effortful swallow
4
and motor units
ANSWER
Flaccid
______ dysarthria is associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neurons
ANSWER
Spastic
_______ dysarthria is associated with disorders of the cerebellum
ANSWER
Ataxic
______ dysarthria is associated with disorders of the basal ganglia
ANSWER
Hypokinetic OR hyperkinetic
________ dysarthria is associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron sys-
tem
ANSWER
Unilateral upper motor neuron
Which of the following are not symptoms of dysarthria? (choose all that apply)
Consistent error patterns
1
,Groping for articulatory postures
Prosodic deficits
Articulatory deficits
Muscle weakness
Language processing deficits
ANSWER
Groping for articulatory postures + Language processing deficits
______ dysarthria is characterized by hypernasality
continuous breathiness, diplophonia, audible inspiration or stridor, nasal emissions, impre-
cise alternating motion rates (AMRs)
ANSWER
flaccid
_____ dysarthria can be accompanied by tongue fasciculations
ANSWER
flaccid
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by slow rate, strained or harsh voice quality, pitch
breaks, slow and regular AMRs (papapa, tatata, kakaka)
ANSWER
spastic
hyperactive gag reflex can be a sign of _____ dysarthria
ANSWER
spastic
2
,_____ dysarthria is often accompanied by excess and equal stress, irregular articulatory
breakdowns, distorted vowels, irregular AMRs (papapa, tatata, kakaka), excessive loudness
variation, and slurring of syllables
ANSWER
ataxic
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by monopitch
monoloudness, normal speech rate or tendency for rapid or accelerated speech rate, inap-
propriate silences, rapidly repeated phonemes, palilalia (automatic repetition of own words
or phrases)
ANSWER
Hypokinetic
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by masked facial expression, tremulous jaw, lips,
tongue, reduced range of motion on AMR tasks, resting tremor, rigidity
ANSWER
Hypokinetic
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by sudden forced inspiration or expiration, transient
breathiness, transient vocal strain or harshness, voice stoppages/arrests, voice tremor, inter-
mittent hypernasality, deterioration with increased rate, intermittent breathy or aphonic
segments, distorted vowels, excessive loudness variation, slow and irregular AMRs
ANSWER
Hyperkinetic
______ dysarthria is often accompanied by myoclonus (sudden and involuntary jerking) of
palate, pharynx, larynx, lips, nares, tongue, or respiratory muscles and involuntary head, jaw,
face, tongue, velar, laryngeal, and respiratory movements
ANSWER
Hyperkinetic
3
, ______ dysarthria is often accompanied by unilateral lower-face weakness, unilateral lingual
weakness without atrophy or fasciculations, nonverbal oral apraxia
ANSWER
Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron
Wernicke's aphasia - where is lesion in the brain?
- which lobe?
- posterior or anterior?
- superior or inferior?
ANSWER
Posterior superior region of the left temporal lobe
The _______ is designed to elevate the larynx and open the esophagus during the swallow
to prevent food/liquid from falling into the airway.
A) Effortful swallow
B) Mendelsohn maneuver
C) Shaker
D) Masako
E) Supraglottic swallow
F) Super-supraglottic swallow
ANSWER
B) Mendelsohn maneuver
The _______ is known to increase orolingual pressure, increase pressure in the upper phar-
ynx, and improve tongue base retraction. It also increases the duration of laryngeal vestibule
closure, hyoid maximum anterior excursion, upper esophageal sphincter opening, and total
swallow time
A) Effortful swallow
4
