WITS PERSONAL LATEST
TRAINING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
What does holding a dumbbell do to the resistance arm?
Holding a dumbbell lengthens the resistance arm by moving the center
of gravity away from the axis of rotation
the longer the resistance arm...
the more torque is necessary to produce movement
why does torque vary as the limb moves through the joints ROM
due to the change in length of the FA
rotational inertia
resistance to the change of a body segment's position
angular momentum
the produce of rotational inertia and angular velocity
the faster a body part moves, and the greater its rotational inertia, the
greater its angular momentum
ATP
used by cells as the primary energy source for biological work
Adenine and three phosphates linked by high-energy bonds. When the
END OF
PAGE
1
, WITS PERSONAL LATEST
TRAINING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
bond is broken, energy is released.
ATP -> ADP + Pi
immediate energy sources
anaerobic, ATP/PC
maximal work, 1-5 seconds
short-term energy sources
anaerobic, glycolysis
maximal work, < 2 minutes
long-term energy sources
aerobic; occurs in the mitochondria
muscle glycogen, glucose, plasma FFA
maximal work, > 2 minutes, and all submaximal work
skeletal muscle converts..
ATP chemical energy to mechanical work
END OF
PAGE
2
, WITS PERSONAL LATEST
TRAINING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
muscle fiber
- each cylindrical fiber is one cell.
- striated, with light and dark bands of myofibrils.
- myofibrils are composed of long series of sarcomeres, the fundamental
units of muscle contraction.
sliding filament theory
- Thin actin filaments slide over thick myosin filaments.
- Z-lines pull toward the center of the sarcomere.
- Entire muscle shortens.
- Contractile proteins do not change size
steps of muscle contraction
• Muscle is depolarized (excited) by a motor neuron.
• Action potential spreads through transverse tubules.
• Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium into sarcoplasm.
• Calcium binds with troponin.
• Actin and myosin cross-bridges interact to shorten muscle.
type I fiber
slow oxidative
slow contraction, low force, resist fatigue
END OF
PAGE
3
TRAINING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
What does holding a dumbbell do to the resistance arm?
Holding a dumbbell lengthens the resistance arm by moving the center
of gravity away from the axis of rotation
the longer the resistance arm...
the more torque is necessary to produce movement
why does torque vary as the limb moves through the joints ROM
due to the change in length of the FA
rotational inertia
resistance to the change of a body segment's position
angular momentum
the produce of rotational inertia and angular velocity
the faster a body part moves, and the greater its rotational inertia, the
greater its angular momentum
ATP
used by cells as the primary energy source for biological work
Adenine and three phosphates linked by high-energy bonds. When the
END OF
PAGE
1
, WITS PERSONAL LATEST
TRAINING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
bond is broken, energy is released.
ATP -> ADP + Pi
immediate energy sources
anaerobic, ATP/PC
maximal work, 1-5 seconds
short-term energy sources
anaerobic, glycolysis
maximal work, < 2 minutes
long-term energy sources
aerobic; occurs in the mitochondria
muscle glycogen, glucose, plasma FFA
maximal work, > 2 minutes, and all submaximal work
skeletal muscle converts..
ATP chemical energy to mechanical work
END OF
PAGE
2
, WITS PERSONAL LATEST
TRAINING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
muscle fiber
- each cylindrical fiber is one cell.
- striated, with light and dark bands of myofibrils.
- myofibrils are composed of long series of sarcomeres, the fundamental
units of muscle contraction.
sliding filament theory
- Thin actin filaments slide over thick myosin filaments.
- Z-lines pull toward the center of the sarcomere.
- Entire muscle shortens.
- Contractile proteins do not change size
steps of muscle contraction
• Muscle is depolarized (excited) by a motor neuron.
• Action potential spreads through transverse tubules.
• Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium into sarcoplasm.
• Calcium binds with troponin.
• Actin and myosin cross-bridges interact to shorten muscle.
type I fiber
slow oxidative
slow contraction, low force, resist fatigue
END OF
PAGE
3
