Psychology 101 Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Three Ways of Doing Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Experimental
2. Teachers
3. Applied
Critical Thinking - CORRECT ANSWER 1. What is the source?
2. Is the claim reasonable?
3. What is the evidence?
4. Could bias contaminate the conclusion?
-emotional bias
-conformational bias
5. Does the reasoning avoid common fallacies (common sense)?
6. Does the issue require multiple perspectives?
Six main viewpoints of Modern Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Biological
2. Cognitive
3. Behavioral
4. Whole-person
5. Developmental
6. Sociocultural perspectives
Empirical Investigation - CORRECT ANSWER Research conducted, and conclusions reached,
by means of observation and documentation.
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Testable explanations for a broad set of facts or observations.
Four Steps to the Scientific Method - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Develop a Hypothesis.
,2. Collect Objective Data.
3. Analyze the Results. Accept or Reject the Hypothesis.
4. Publish, Criticize or Replicate the Results.
Five Types of Psychological Research - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Experiments
- variable
2. Correlational Studies
- determine the nature of the relationship between variable but cannot determine the cause and effect.
- "natural experiments" have already occurred by chance in the real world
3. Survey
- determine peoples attitudes, preferences or other characteristics.
- vulnerable to bias
4. Naturalistic Observations
- Descriptive research technique in which the researcher assesses the behavior of subjects under
studying their natural condition
5. Case Studies
- Few individuals.
- Focus on individuals with rare problems or unusual talents.
Three Types of Correlations - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Positive correlation
2. Negative correlation
3. Zero correlation
Types of Neyrons - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Sensory or afferent neurons
- Carry messages towards the brain.
2. Interneurons
- Carry messages between nerve cells (inside brain).
- Carry messages between afferent and efferent.
3. Motor or efferent neurons
- Carry messages away from brain.
,Central Nervous System (CNS) - CORRECT ANSWER Composed of the brain and spinal
chord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - CORRECT ANSWER Connects the central nervous
system to the rest of the body. It consists of two divisions. Each has two subdivisions.
Two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER 1. The Somatic Division
of PNS
- Somatic nervous system: Organ System
- carries signals that regulate the internal organs that preform functions such as digestion, heart rate
and reparation.
- Afferent Sensory System: Motor System
-sends messages to the brain and efferent sends messages to the muscles to act on them.
2. The Autonomic Division of PNS
(carries signals that regulate internal organs)
- Sympathetic division
- "fight or flight" system, arouses the heart, lungs and other organs in stressful situations.
- Parasympathetic division
- returns body to its calm state
The Cerebral Cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - Two cerebral hemispheres are connected by
fibers (corpus callosum)
- Cerebrum accounts for 2/3 the brain's total mass.
- Cerebral cortex is wrinkled to allow billions of cells to squeeze into the tight space inside the skull.
Sensation and Perception - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Information
(stimuli)
2. Sensation
(raw data is processed by sensory receptors)
, 3. Perception
(sensations are processed in the brain and assigned meaning)
Transduction - CORRECT ANSWER Sensory process that converts the information carried by
a physical stimulus such as light or sound waves into the form of neural messages.
(physical - thought pattern)
Vision - CORRECT ANSWER Helps us to detect desired targets, threats and changes in our
physical environment.
Two Ways of Seeing Color - CORRECT ANSWER Trichromatic Theory
- Color is realized in the brain, color processing begins in the retina.
- Light waves are sensed as red, green and blue.
Opponent-Process Theory
- Negative afterimages.
- Phenomena that involves opponent or complementary colors.
Hearing - CORRECT ANSWER Helps with the ability to locate objects in a space.
Position and Movement - CORRECT ANSWER Kinesthetic
- sense of body and movement
Vestibular
- keeps track of balance
Smell - CORRECT ANSWER Olfaction
-physical process of odor detection
Pheromones - CORRECT ANSWER - Some animals communicate wit each other by secreting
and detecting odoriferous substances.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Three Ways of Doing Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Experimental
2. Teachers
3. Applied
Critical Thinking - CORRECT ANSWER 1. What is the source?
2. Is the claim reasonable?
3. What is the evidence?
4. Could bias contaminate the conclusion?
-emotional bias
-conformational bias
5. Does the reasoning avoid common fallacies (common sense)?
6. Does the issue require multiple perspectives?
Six main viewpoints of Modern Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Biological
2. Cognitive
3. Behavioral
4. Whole-person
5. Developmental
6. Sociocultural perspectives
Empirical Investigation - CORRECT ANSWER Research conducted, and conclusions reached,
by means of observation and documentation.
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Testable explanations for a broad set of facts or observations.
Four Steps to the Scientific Method - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Develop a Hypothesis.
,2. Collect Objective Data.
3. Analyze the Results. Accept or Reject the Hypothesis.
4. Publish, Criticize or Replicate the Results.
Five Types of Psychological Research - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Experiments
- variable
2. Correlational Studies
- determine the nature of the relationship between variable but cannot determine the cause and effect.
- "natural experiments" have already occurred by chance in the real world
3. Survey
- determine peoples attitudes, preferences or other characteristics.
- vulnerable to bias
4. Naturalistic Observations
- Descriptive research technique in which the researcher assesses the behavior of subjects under
studying their natural condition
5. Case Studies
- Few individuals.
- Focus on individuals with rare problems or unusual talents.
Three Types of Correlations - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Positive correlation
2. Negative correlation
3. Zero correlation
Types of Neyrons - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Sensory or afferent neurons
- Carry messages towards the brain.
2. Interneurons
- Carry messages between nerve cells (inside brain).
- Carry messages between afferent and efferent.
3. Motor or efferent neurons
- Carry messages away from brain.
,Central Nervous System (CNS) - CORRECT ANSWER Composed of the brain and spinal
chord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - CORRECT ANSWER Connects the central nervous
system to the rest of the body. It consists of two divisions. Each has two subdivisions.
Two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER 1. The Somatic Division
of PNS
- Somatic nervous system: Organ System
- carries signals that regulate the internal organs that preform functions such as digestion, heart rate
and reparation.
- Afferent Sensory System: Motor System
-sends messages to the brain and efferent sends messages to the muscles to act on them.
2. The Autonomic Division of PNS
(carries signals that regulate internal organs)
- Sympathetic division
- "fight or flight" system, arouses the heart, lungs and other organs in stressful situations.
- Parasympathetic division
- returns body to its calm state
The Cerebral Cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - Two cerebral hemispheres are connected by
fibers (corpus callosum)
- Cerebrum accounts for 2/3 the brain's total mass.
- Cerebral cortex is wrinkled to allow billions of cells to squeeze into the tight space inside the skull.
Sensation and Perception - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Information
(stimuli)
2. Sensation
(raw data is processed by sensory receptors)
, 3. Perception
(sensations are processed in the brain and assigned meaning)
Transduction - CORRECT ANSWER Sensory process that converts the information carried by
a physical stimulus such as light or sound waves into the form of neural messages.
(physical - thought pattern)
Vision - CORRECT ANSWER Helps us to detect desired targets, threats and changes in our
physical environment.
Two Ways of Seeing Color - CORRECT ANSWER Trichromatic Theory
- Color is realized in the brain, color processing begins in the retina.
- Light waves are sensed as red, green and blue.
Opponent-Process Theory
- Negative afterimages.
- Phenomena that involves opponent or complementary colors.
Hearing - CORRECT ANSWER Helps with the ability to locate objects in a space.
Position and Movement - CORRECT ANSWER Kinesthetic
- sense of body and movement
Vestibular
- keeps track of balance
Smell - CORRECT ANSWER Olfaction
-physical process of odor detection
Pheromones - CORRECT ANSWER - Some animals communicate wit each other by secreting
and detecting odoriferous substances.
