Plasmid
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small, circular DNA in bacteria that can be exchanged with other bacteria
Pluripotent stem cell
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can differentiate into most specialised cell except extraembryonic cells
such as placenta cells
True genetic variation examples
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natural hair and eye colour
blood group
genetic disorders
Rough ER
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studded with ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
double membrane enclosed sacs
Height - nature and nurture
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nature - polygenic, multiple loci
nurture - mother nutrition during pregnancy, nutrition in childhood
Spermatogenesis process
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germline epithelium of seminiferous tubules divides by mitosis
spermatogonia undergo a period of growth by mitosis to become primary
spermatocytes
spermatocytes undergo 2 meiotic divisions to form 4 haploid daughter
cells - spermatids
, spermatids undergo differentiation to become fully functioning
spermatozoa
Golgi Apparatus
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flattened, fluid filled sacs, vesicles often nearby, processes and packages
new lipids and proteins, and produces lysosomes
Middle Lamella
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outer layer of the cell, between two cell membranes, secretes calcium
pectate and hemi-cellulose to adhere cellulose cell walls
E.coli and the lac Operon - lactose NOT present
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- the regulator gene produces repressor proteins
- repressor proteins bind to the operator region on the DNA
- this prevents RNA Polymerase binding to the promotor region
- gene for B galactosidase not transcribed because no lactose needs to be
broken down
Give this one a try later!
small, circular DNA in bacteria that can be exchanged with other bacteria
Pluripotent stem cell
Give this one a try later!
can differentiate into most specialised cell except extraembryonic cells
such as placenta cells
True genetic variation examples
,Give this one a try later!
natural hair and eye colour
blood group
genetic disorders
Rough ER
Give this one a try later!
studded with ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
double membrane enclosed sacs
Height - nature and nurture
Give this one a try later!
nature - polygenic, multiple loci
nurture - mother nutrition during pregnancy, nutrition in childhood
Spermatogenesis process
Give this one a try later!
germline epithelium of seminiferous tubules divides by mitosis
spermatogonia undergo a period of growth by mitosis to become primary
spermatocytes
spermatocytes undergo 2 meiotic divisions to form 4 haploid daughter
cells - spermatids
, spermatids undergo differentiation to become fully functioning
spermatozoa
Golgi Apparatus
Give this one a try later!
flattened, fluid filled sacs, vesicles often nearby, processes and packages
new lipids and proteins, and produces lysosomes
Middle Lamella
Give this one a try later!
outer layer of the cell, between two cell membranes, secretes calcium
pectate and hemi-cellulose to adhere cellulose cell walls
E.coli and the lac Operon - lactose NOT present
Give this one a try later!
- the regulator gene produces repressor proteins
- repressor proteins bind to the operator region on the DNA
- this prevents RNA Polymerase binding to the promotor region
- gene for B galactosidase not transcribed because no lactose needs to be
broken down
