INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING CONCEPTS EXAMS
SCRIPT 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔DSL Modems - ✔✔Converts signals from phone lines into Ethernet-compatible
signals. Common for high-speed internet over telephone lines
✔✔Optical Network Terminals - ✔✔Acts as the bridge between the fiber optic and
Ethernet networks. This is done by converting light signals to electrical signals for
Ethernet transmission.
✔✔Software Defined Networking - ✔✔SDNs virtualize network hardware for centralized
control via software. This enables pragmatic control of network devices and functions.
✔✔Access Control Lists - ✔✔(ACLs) A set of rules to determine which users, devices,
or systems can access specific networks, files, or systems
✔✔Virtual Local Area Network - ✔✔A logical segmentation of networks on a managed
switch
✔✔Collision Domain - ✔✔The portion of an Ethernet network in which collisions could
occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. A risk zone
✔✔Network - ✔✔a group of two or more computer systems linked together
✔✔Personal Area Network - ✔✔A PAN is the smallest network type, typically covering
around 3 meters. It is able to connect both wired and wireless devices over the short
distance.
✔✔Local Area Network - ✔✔A LAN can connect devices within a limited geographic
area, such as a building or campus, spanning up to 100 meters for Cat5 or more with
fiber optics. The standard is Ethernet IEEE 802.3 or WIFI IEEE 802.11
✔✔Metropolitan Area Network - ✔✔MAN is a network that connects multiple LANs
within a city, think a 25-mile coverage area
✔✔Wide Area Network - ✔✔A network that uses dedicated leased lines or VPNs to
connect geographically dispersed networks over a large area.
✔✔Wireless Local Area Network - ✔✔WLAN is a wireless network connecting devices
in a limited area using wi-fi
✔✔Storage Area Network - ✔✔SAN is a high-speed storage accessing technology that
provides access to configurable storage pools, typically isolated from the main network
, ✔✔Internet of Things (IoT) - ✔✔IoT refers to the global network of appliances and
personal devices equipped with sensors, software, and network connectivity in order to
allow the devices to report state and configuration and be managed remotely over IP
networks.
P.S. Should be placed on a separate network to enhance security and prevent
interference.
Includes:
Building and Home Automation Systems
IP Video Systems
Physical Accesss Control Systems
Scientific & Industrial Equipment Devices
✔✔IoT Building and Home Automation Systems - ✔✔This system manages lighting,
HVAC, water, and security systems in real time. This is designed to manage utility costs
and to make the occupant more comfortable.
NOTE: Automated devices should not be placed on the business network due to their
prone condition of being easy targets for attackers
✔✔IP Video Systems - ✔✔The provision of remote collaboration via IP-based video
streams. These require quality of service considerations and significant bandwidth.
Networks for IP video systems should be physically or logically separated from
production networks.
✔✔Physical Access Control Systems - ✔✔A security system that manages and controls
access to physical areas using devices like cameras, biometric readers, proximity
readers, and more. This should be placed on a separate, secure network for enhanced
protection.
✔✔Scientific and Industrial Equipment Devices - ✔✔Found in hospitals, factories, and
labs, these allow centralized monitoring and management via IP networks.
✔✔IoT Component categories - ✔✔Hub and Control system: This is a central
communication point for managing IoT devices, like an Amazon Echo. These are
typically supported by Z-Wave and ZigBee protocols
Smart Devices: Endpoints that connect to the hub, like smart light bulbs
Wearables: IoT devices designed to be worn
Sensors: Used to measure varied conditions and relay data to hubs
SCRIPT 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔DSL Modems - ✔✔Converts signals from phone lines into Ethernet-compatible
signals. Common for high-speed internet over telephone lines
✔✔Optical Network Terminals - ✔✔Acts as the bridge between the fiber optic and
Ethernet networks. This is done by converting light signals to electrical signals for
Ethernet transmission.
✔✔Software Defined Networking - ✔✔SDNs virtualize network hardware for centralized
control via software. This enables pragmatic control of network devices and functions.
✔✔Access Control Lists - ✔✔(ACLs) A set of rules to determine which users, devices,
or systems can access specific networks, files, or systems
✔✔Virtual Local Area Network - ✔✔A logical segmentation of networks on a managed
switch
✔✔Collision Domain - ✔✔The portion of an Ethernet network in which collisions could
occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. A risk zone
✔✔Network - ✔✔a group of two or more computer systems linked together
✔✔Personal Area Network - ✔✔A PAN is the smallest network type, typically covering
around 3 meters. It is able to connect both wired and wireless devices over the short
distance.
✔✔Local Area Network - ✔✔A LAN can connect devices within a limited geographic
area, such as a building or campus, spanning up to 100 meters for Cat5 or more with
fiber optics. The standard is Ethernet IEEE 802.3 or WIFI IEEE 802.11
✔✔Metropolitan Area Network - ✔✔MAN is a network that connects multiple LANs
within a city, think a 25-mile coverage area
✔✔Wide Area Network - ✔✔A network that uses dedicated leased lines or VPNs to
connect geographically dispersed networks over a large area.
✔✔Wireless Local Area Network - ✔✔WLAN is a wireless network connecting devices
in a limited area using wi-fi
✔✔Storage Area Network - ✔✔SAN is a high-speed storage accessing technology that
provides access to configurable storage pools, typically isolated from the main network
, ✔✔Internet of Things (IoT) - ✔✔IoT refers to the global network of appliances and
personal devices equipped with sensors, software, and network connectivity in order to
allow the devices to report state and configuration and be managed remotely over IP
networks.
P.S. Should be placed on a separate network to enhance security and prevent
interference.
Includes:
Building and Home Automation Systems
IP Video Systems
Physical Accesss Control Systems
Scientific & Industrial Equipment Devices
✔✔IoT Building and Home Automation Systems - ✔✔This system manages lighting,
HVAC, water, and security systems in real time. This is designed to manage utility costs
and to make the occupant more comfortable.
NOTE: Automated devices should not be placed on the business network due to their
prone condition of being easy targets for attackers
✔✔IP Video Systems - ✔✔The provision of remote collaboration via IP-based video
streams. These require quality of service considerations and significant bandwidth.
Networks for IP video systems should be physically or logically separated from
production networks.
✔✔Physical Access Control Systems - ✔✔A security system that manages and controls
access to physical areas using devices like cameras, biometric readers, proximity
readers, and more. This should be placed on a separate, secure network for enhanced
protection.
✔✔Scientific and Industrial Equipment Devices - ✔✔Found in hospitals, factories, and
labs, these allow centralized monitoring and management via IP networks.
✔✔IoT Component categories - ✔✔Hub and Control system: This is a central
communication point for managing IoT devices, like an Amazon Echo. These are
typically supported by Z-Wave and ZigBee protocols
Smart Devices: Endpoints that connect to the hub, like smart light bulbs
Wearables: IoT devices designed to be worn
Sensors: Used to measure varied conditions and relay data to hubs
