RNR 2102 ALL 2026/2027 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔SA - ✔✔selective availability
✔✔T/F
GIS is a computerized system for making maps - ✔✔false; computer based system to
store, manipulate, and output geographical data
✔✔GIS is a tool for storing maps and pictures - ✔✔false
✔✔GIS is a computer-based system to store, manipulate, and output geographical data
- ✔✔true
✔✔GPS units used by the military have higher PDOP than normal GPS units - ✔✔false;
lower
✔✔GPS works better during the day, when the clouds help improve the signals -
✔✔false; no clouds for good signal
✔✔GPS cannot work at all in the forest, even if the canopy is sparse - ✔✔false; can
work under canopy/ inaccurate
✔✔the signals we obtain with normal GPS today contain random error introduced by the
military - ✔✔false; no longer contain random error from military
✔✔post-processing requires a special kind of GPS called deferential GPS - ✔✔false;
requires known location for adjustment
✔✔measurements of cartesian coordinated are in meters - ✔✔true
✔✔measurements of geographic coordinates are in degree - ✔✔true
✔✔DOQQs are digital arial photographs - ✔✔true
✔✔a raster model consists of pixels and therefore can require a large amount of
storage - ✔✔true
✔✔a vector model consists of objects (points, lines, and polygons) that take up less
storage - ✔✔true
✔✔metadata are a huge database that consists of both vector and raster models -
✔✔false
, ✔✔selective availability allows the GPS user to selves the proper frequency (L1 or L2) -
✔✔false; SA= permission to have GPS without error
✔✔what is GPS? explain the basis of GPS and how it works. - ✔✔1.created by
department of defense,
2. uses a constellation 30 satellites,
3.positioned about 20,200km above earth,
4. complete orbit every 12 hours,
5. maximum accuracy is 1 cm,
6. need 4 to 7 for a reading
✔✔what are measurement offsets? - ✔✔measure distance and direction from a known
location to an object of interest
✔✔what range should you ideally attempt to maintain PDOP within? - ✔✔1 to 6, but the
lower the PDOP the more accurate
✔✔the process of first collecting GPS data in the field and later applying corrections to
those data is often termed ________________ - ✔✔post processing
✔✔what is selective availability? - ✔✔only those who get permission can know the
exact location and use selective availability; no longer in use; stopped in the 2000s;
variance up to 100m
✔✔what is multi path error? - ✔✔signals reflecting off obstruction before reaching GPS;
unable to correct
✔✔why are survey grade GPS more accurate than commercial grade GPS? -
✔✔because survey grade GPS is capable of receiving both L1 and L2
✔✔Differential GPS
a. relies on use of base stations in addition to the GPS receiver
b. the GPS data are adjusted in real time
c. generally results in increased accuracy of geographic fixes
d. all of the above
e. none of the above - ✔✔d. all of the above
✔✔a ___________________ is a smooth, mathematical representation of the earths
surface that best fits the global mean sea level - ✔✔geoid
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔SA - ✔✔selective availability
✔✔T/F
GIS is a computerized system for making maps - ✔✔false; computer based system to
store, manipulate, and output geographical data
✔✔GIS is a tool for storing maps and pictures - ✔✔false
✔✔GIS is a computer-based system to store, manipulate, and output geographical data
- ✔✔true
✔✔GPS units used by the military have higher PDOP than normal GPS units - ✔✔false;
lower
✔✔GPS works better during the day, when the clouds help improve the signals -
✔✔false; no clouds for good signal
✔✔GPS cannot work at all in the forest, even if the canopy is sparse - ✔✔false; can
work under canopy/ inaccurate
✔✔the signals we obtain with normal GPS today contain random error introduced by the
military - ✔✔false; no longer contain random error from military
✔✔post-processing requires a special kind of GPS called deferential GPS - ✔✔false;
requires known location for adjustment
✔✔measurements of cartesian coordinated are in meters - ✔✔true
✔✔measurements of geographic coordinates are in degree - ✔✔true
✔✔DOQQs are digital arial photographs - ✔✔true
✔✔a raster model consists of pixels and therefore can require a large amount of
storage - ✔✔true
✔✔a vector model consists of objects (points, lines, and polygons) that take up less
storage - ✔✔true
✔✔metadata are a huge database that consists of both vector and raster models -
✔✔false
, ✔✔selective availability allows the GPS user to selves the proper frequency (L1 or L2) -
✔✔false; SA= permission to have GPS without error
✔✔what is GPS? explain the basis of GPS and how it works. - ✔✔1.created by
department of defense,
2. uses a constellation 30 satellites,
3.positioned about 20,200km above earth,
4. complete orbit every 12 hours,
5. maximum accuracy is 1 cm,
6. need 4 to 7 for a reading
✔✔what are measurement offsets? - ✔✔measure distance and direction from a known
location to an object of interest
✔✔what range should you ideally attempt to maintain PDOP within? - ✔✔1 to 6, but the
lower the PDOP the more accurate
✔✔the process of first collecting GPS data in the field and later applying corrections to
those data is often termed ________________ - ✔✔post processing
✔✔what is selective availability? - ✔✔only those who get permission can know the
exact location and use selective availability; no longer in use; stopped in the 2000s;
variance up to 100m
✔✔what is multi path error? - ✔✔signals reflecting off obstruction before reaching GPS;
unable to correct
✔✔why are survey grade GPS more accurate than commercial grade GPS? -
✔✔because survey grade GPS is capable of receiving both L1 and L2
✔✔Differential GPS
a. relies on use of base stations in addition to the GPS receiver
b. the GPS data are adjusted in real time
c. generally results in increased accuracy of geographic fixes
d. all of the above
e. none of the above - ✔✔d. all of the above
✔✔a ___________________ is a smooth, mathematical representation of the earths
surface that best fits the global mean sea level - ✔✔geoid
