Nursing 1020 Exam 4 || 100% no Error.
Tumors correct answers correct answers can be benign or malignant
• Either kind should be removed
can become a solid mass
can be an overgrowth of cells found in blood or lymph tissue
Which change in health status indicates to the nurse that the client's superior vena cava syndrome
is worsening?
A The client's systolic blood pressure is rising, and the diastolic pressure is decreasing.
B The client's severe nausea and vomiting no longer respond to antiemetics.
C The client has experienced four nosebleeds in the past 2 days.
D Pedal edema is now present. correct answers correct answers C
thrombocytopenia correct answers correct answers deficiency of platelets in the blood. This
causes bleeding into the tissues, bruising, and slow blood clotting after injury.
These cancers can secrete parathyroid hormone, causing bone to release calcium correct answers
correct answers Breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas; multiple myeloma; and adult T-cell
leukemia and lymphoma are the most common causes among cancer patients, this is known as
Hypercalcemia.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVC) correct answers correct answers compression or
obstruction by tumor growth or by clots in the vessel leads to congestion of the blood and can
occur quickly or develop gradually over time. With gradual development, increased collateral
circulation to handle the blood flow can occur. Compression causes pain and is life threatening.
,It occurs most often in patients with lymphomas (especially with tumors in the mediastinum),
thymoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer.
Symptoms of Hypercalcemia correct answers correct answers skeletal pain
kidney stones
abdominal discomfort
altered cognition
Hypercalcemia correct answers correct answers (increased serum calcium level) occurs in up to
a third of patients with cancer. At high levels it is regarded an emergency and can lead to death.
Breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas; multiple myeloma; and adult T-cell leukemia and
lymphoma are the most common causes among cancer patients.
Anaplasia? correct answers correct answers is the cancer cells' loss of the specific appearance of
their parent cells.
Loose adherence is typical for cancer cells because they do not make? correct answers correct
answers fibronectin
Migration occurs because cancer cells? correct answers correct answers do not bind tightly
together
metastasize correct answers correct answers The ability to spread is unique to cancer cells and a
major cause of death.
Contact inhibition does not occur in cancer cells because? correct answers correct answers lost
cellular regulation, even when all sides of these cells are in continuous contact with the surfaces
of other cells. This persistence of cell division makes the disease difficult to control.
The process of changing a normal cell into a cancer cell is called? correct answers correct
answers malignant transformation
,Initiation is the first step in? carcinogenesis correct answers correct answers carcinogenesis
Tumors first extend into surrounding tissues by? correct answers correct answers secreting
enzymes that open up areas of surrounding tissue. Pressure, created as the tumor increases in
size, forces tumor cells to invade new territory.
A larger nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio? correct answers correct answers occurs because the cancer
cell nucleus is larger than that of a normal cell and the cancer cell is smaller than a normal cell.
The nucleus occupies much of the space within the cancer cell
Bloodborne metastasis (tumor cell release into the blood) correct answers correct answers is the
most common cause of cancer spread. Enzymes secreted by tumor cells also make large pores in
the patient's blood vessels, allowing tumor cells to enter the blood and circulate. Because tumor
cells are loosely held together, clumps of cells break off of the primary tumor into blood vessels
for transport.
carcinogenesis? correct answers correct answers
Malignant tumors correct answers correct answers Cell's DNA is damaged
E.g., by exposure to carcinogens
Proto-oncogenes become oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes malfunction
Cell division goes unchecked
Cells become malignant
Breast Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers Bone*
Lung*
Liver
Brain
, Lung Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers Brain*
Bone
Liver
Lymph nodes
Pancreas
Colorectal Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers Liver*
Lymph nodes
Adjacent structures
Prostate Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers Bone
(especially spine and legs)*
Pelvic nodes
Melanoma Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers GI tract
Lymph nodes
Lung
Brain
Primary Brain Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers
Central nervous system
Grading of a tumor correct answers correct answers classifies cellular aspects of the cancer.
Gx correct answers correct answers Grade cannot be determined.
Tumors correct answers correct answers can be benign or malignant
• Either kind should be removed
can become a solid mass
can be an overgrowth of cells found in blood or lymph tissue
Which change in health status indicates to the nurse that the client's superior vena cava syndrome
is worsening?
A The client's systolic blood pressure is rising, and the diastolic pressure is decreasing.
B The client's severe nausea and vomiting no longer respond to antiemetics.
C The client has experienced four nosebleeds in the past 2 days.
D Pedal edema is now present. correct answers correct answers C
thrombocytopenia correct answers correct answers deficiency of platelets in the blood. This
causes bleeding into the tissues, bruising, and slow blood clotting after injury.
These cancers can secrete parathyroid hormone, causing bone to release calcium correct answers
correct answers Breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas; multiple myeloma; and adult T-cell
leukemia and lymphoma are the most common causes among cancer patients, this is known as
Hypercalcemia.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVC) correct answers correct answers compression or
obstruction by tumor growth or by clots in the vessel leads to congestion of the blood and can
occur quickly or develop gradually over time. With gradual development, increased collateral
circulation to handle the blood flow can occur. Compression causes pain and is life threatening.
,It occurs most often in patients with lymphomas (especially with tumors in the mediastinum),
thymoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer.
Symptoms of Hypercalcemia correct answers correct answers skeletal pain
kidney stones
abdominal discomfort
altered cognition
Hypercalcemia correct answers correct answers (increased serum calcium level) occurs in up to
a third of patients with cancer. At high levels it is regarded an emergency and can lead to death.
Breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas; multiple myeloma; and adult T-cell leukemia and
lymphoma are the most common causes among cancer patients.
Anaplasia? correct answers correct answers is the cancer cells' loss of the specific appearance of
their parent cells.
Loose adherence is typical for cancer cells because they do not make? correct answers correct
answers fibronectin
Migration occurs because cancer cells? correct answers correct answers do not bind tightly
together
metastasize correct answers correct answers The ability to spread is unique to cancer cells and a
major cause of death.
Contact inhibition does not occur in cancer cells because? correct answers correct answers lost
cellular regulation, even when all sides of these cells are in continuous contact with the surfaces
of other cells. This persistence of cell division makes the disease difficult to control.
The process of changing a normal cell into a cancer cell is called? correct answers correct
answers malignant transformation
,Initiation is the first step in? carcinogenesis correct answers correct answers carcinogenesis
Tumors first extend into surrounding tissues by? correct answers correct answers secreting
enzymes that open up areas of surrounding tissue. Pressure, created as the tumor increases in
size, forces tumor cells to invade new territory.
A larger nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio? correct answers correct answers occurs because the cancer
cell nucleus is larger than that of a normal cell and the cancer cell is smaller than a normal cell.
The nucleus occupies much of the space within the cancer cell
Bloodborne metastasis (tumor cell release into the blood) correct answers correct answers is the
most common cause of cancer spread. Enzymes secreted by tumor cells also make large pores in
the patient's blood vessels, allowing tumor cells to enter the blood and circulate. Because tumor
cells are loosely held together, clumps of cells break off of the primary tumor into blood vessels
for transport.
carcinogenesis? correct answers correct answers
Malignant tumors correct answers correct answers Cell's DNA is damaged
E.g., by exposure to carcinogens
Proto-oncogenes become oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes malfunction
Cell division goes unchecked
Cells become malignant
Breast Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers Bone*
Lung*
Liver
Brain
, Lung Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers Brain*
Bone
Liver
Lymph nodes
Pancreas
Colorectal Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers Liver*
Lymph nodes
Adjacent structures
Prostate Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers Bone
(especially spine and legs)*
Pelvic nodes
Melanoma Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers GI tract
Lymph nodes
Lung
Brain
Primary Brain Cancer will metastasize into which organs? correct answers correct answers
Central nervous system
Grading of a tumor correct answers correct answers classifies cellular aspects of the cancer.
Gx correct answers correct answers Grade cannot be determined.
