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Hannah is a 48-year-old woman who is diagnosed with mild-to-moderate
depression characterized by feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and irritability
that has lasted for over 2 years. She is generally healthy and her medical history
does not indicate any previous diagnosis or treatment of a mental health
disorder. After discussion with the PMHNP, it is decided to initiate therapy with a
low dose of an antidepressant. Which of the following would be the most
appropriate first-line treatment choice?
A. Sertraline 150 mg QD
B. Paroxetine 20 mg QD
C. Trazodone 75 mg BID
D. Phenelzine 15 mg TID
B. Paroxetine 20 mg QD
Rationale: Sertraline is a SSRI that can also be used first-line for depression. However,
the initial starting dose is typically 50 mg daily, which can eventually be titrated
gradually to 150 mg daily (A). Other antidepressant classes are usually considered
following an inadequate response to an SSRI or intolerance of the SSRI agent. Tricyclic
antidepressants (e.g., desipramine) and MAOIs (e.g., phenelzine) can also be used to
treat depression, though their adverse effect profile and drug interaction potential
prevent them for consideration as first-line therapy (D). Trazodone is typically used to
treat depression in individuals who have trouble sleeping due to the somnolence
associated with this medication (C).
Hannah returns in 1 week and reports that she has been taking her medication as
directed. Which of the following is the most important question the PMHNP can
ask Hannah at this visit?
A. "Have you noticed any reduction in depressive symptoms?"
B. "Have you experienced any increase in suicidal ideation?"
C. "Have you experienced any headaches or GI adverse effects?"
D. "Do you want to switch to another medication?"
C. "Have you experienced any headaches or GI adverse effects?"
Rationale: Though it is important to assess the mental status of patients at each visit,
including depression symptoms and suicidal/homicidal thoughts, this will not provide the
most useful information for the PMHNP after only 1 week of treatment (A, B). Given that
the full therapeutic potential of the medication can take 4 weeks or longer, this is not the
appropriate time to consider switching medication unless there is a serious drug-related
adverse effect (D).
,Five weeks after initiating antidepressant therapy, Hannah returns for a follow-up
visit. She reports some improvement is symptoms but was hoping for a more
substantial effect in lifting her mood. The PMHNP performs the PHQ-9 and notes
an improvement from a score of 14 at baseline to 11 today. Hannah notes that she
is tolerating the medication well. The next best course of action is to:
A. Remain on the current regimen and return in 4 weeks.
B. Increase the dose of medication and return in 4 weeks.
C. Switch to another antidepressant class and return in 2 weeks.
D. Discontinue therapy and initiate ECT.
B. Increase the dose of medication and return in 4 weeks.
Rationale: Though staying on the current regimen is an option, the small improvement
with a low-dose regimen suggests that a higher dose would be more beneficial for the
patient (A). Switching to another class can also be considered, though this comes with
uncertainty about the effectiveness and tolerability of initiating a new agent (C). As
pharmacotherapy has demonstrated some initial effect, it would not be reasonable to
discontinue therapy and switch to ECT at this point in management (D).
A 37-year-old man with bipolar disorder is being evaluated following a suicide
attempt. He is currently taking quetiapine for bipolar maintenance therapy. The
PMHNP considers the addition of:
A. Perphenazine.
B. Clomipramine.
C. Bupropion.
D. Lithium.
D. Lithium.
Rationale: The addition of another antipsychotic would not be recommended (A).
Antidepressants such as clomipramine (B) and bupropion (C) are not recommended in
the management of bipolar disorder.
A 19-year-old woman is undergoing psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. She
states that she has been taking diuretics for the past year but is ready to
discontinue the medication. The PMHNP counsels that:
A. Fluid intake should be limited for two weeks following diuretic discontinuation.
B. Rebound edema and weight gain will likely occur but will resolve in 1-2 weeks.
C. The diuretic should be slowly titrated to prevent a hypertensive emergency.
D. Exercise should be discouraged for a period after discontinuation.
B. Rebound edema and weight gain will likely occur but will resolve in 1-2 weeks.
Rationale: Discontinuation of the diuretic will not increase the risk of a hypertensive
emergency, particularly in an individual with no history of hypertension (C). Though
rebound fluid retention is likely with diuretic discontinuation, this is a time-limited effect
and fluid intake should not be restricted during this time (A). Exercise should be
encouraged for all individuals and tailored to their needs and abilities. There are no
, specific warnings regarding light-to-moderate exercise following termination of diuretic
use (D).
When initiating lithium therapy for mood stabilization, the PMHNP recommends
checking serum lithium level:
A. In 2 days.
B. In 5 days.
C. In 14 days.
D. Only when adverse effects are reported.
B. In 5 days.
Rationale: Testing after 2 days of initiating lithium treatment would not allow enough
time to get an adequate assessment of the steady-state lithium level (A). Waiting until
14 days or longer after initiating therapy is too long and would not allow timely dose
adjustment to ensure a safe and effective level is attained (D). Lithium levels should be
routinely monitored and not limited to only when adverse effects are reported (D).
A 27-year-old woman is being treated with a SSRI for generalized anxiety
disorder. She mentions that she is experiencing migraines about once per week
and asks what she can take to treat an acute migraine. The PMHNP recommends:
A. Ibuprofen.
B. Sumatriptan.
C. Topiramate.
D. Propranolol.
A. Ibuprofen.
Rationale: Ibuprofen or acetaminophen are appropriate choices to treat an acute
migraine episode for this patient. (A). These pain relievers are safe to use in patients
taking a SSRI agent.
Deb is a 41-year-old female with a history of bipolar I disorder who stopped taking
her mood stabilizer because of a lapse in her health insurance. At a follow-up
visit, she presents with signs of moderate-to-severe depression. The PMHNP
realizes which of the following is FDA approved for the treatment of bipolar
depression?
A. Divalproex sodium
B. Risperidone
C. Citalopram
D. Lurasidone
D. Lurasidone
Rationale: SSRIs are not recommended for bipolar depression alone as this can trigger
a manic episode (C). The anticonvulsant divalproex sodium and the second-generation
antipsychotic risperidone are indicated for the treatment of acute mania but not bipolar
depression (A, B).